Advances in cancer detection and treatment mean more people are surviving cancer, especially when it’s caught early. Some of the most curable cancers include thyroid, prostate, and testicular cancer.
The number of cancer survivors in the United States is growing. This may be related to an aging population, but it also reflects advances in early detection and treatment. In general, cancer is easiest to treat when diagnosed early.
This article reviews cancers with the highest 5-year relative survival rates when diagnosed in the early stages.
The
According to the
A doctor may use the word “cured,” but it is more likely they’ll say you’re in remission or there’s no evidence of disease.
Some cancers are easier to treat than others, so survival rates vary significantly. Another key factor is the stage at diagnosis. “Stage” describes the tumor size and how far it may have spread. Other factors that affect your outlook are:
- the tumor grade, which describes how abnormal cancer cells are and how quickly they’re likely to spread
lymph node involvement (whether the cancer has spread to regional lymph nodes)- your age and overall health
- your response to treatment
What’s a relative survival rate?
A relative survival rate compares people with a specific cancer with people in the general population. It’s the proportion of survivors of a particular cancer compared with survivors without that cancer, whether or not the cancer has recurred.
Survival statistics are based on people with cancer that was diagnosed more than 5 years ago. They may not reflect the effectiveness of the latest diagnosis methods and treatments.
Early detection is common in thyroid cancer. At diagnosis, about
Relative survival rates in the table below are based on the NCI’s
| Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | 99% |
| Regional | 98% |
| Distant | 53% |
| All stages combined | 98% |
Survival rates vary, depending on the specific type of thyroid cancer. Well-differentiated tumors, including papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer, are the most common. “Well-differentiated” means that the cancer cells look more like normal cells. When caught early, well-differentiated cancers can usually be cured, according to the
Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated tumors are made up of cancer cells that look unlike or very unlike normal cells. Poorly differentiated or undifferentiated thyroid cancers are known as anaplastic thyroid cancers, which aren’t common but are much more aggressive.
With a tumor between
Most prostate cancers are slow growing. About
The relative survival rates shown in the table below are based on
| Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | >99% |
| Regional | >99% |
| Distant | 32% |
| All stages combined | 97% |
Prostate cancer can run in families and certain gene variants may increase your risk.
Low grade prostate cancer may not require treatment. Careful monitoring, or active surveillance, may be appropriate. Treatment for early stage disease may include surgery, radiation therapy, or radioactive seed implants (brachytherapy).
Testicular cancer is the most
Relative survival rates in the table below are based on
| Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | 99% |
| Regional | 96% |
| Distant | 73% |
| All stages combined | 95% |
Treatment for early stage testicular cancer may include active surveillance. It may also involve surgical removal of one or both testicles (orchiectomy) or radiation therapy.
With early treatment, almost all cases of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers are curable. Melanoma is also highly curable in the earliest stages. But it’s more likely to spread. About
Relative survival rates in the table below are based on
| Melanoma stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | >99% |
| Regional | 71% |
| Distant | 32% |
| All stages combined | 94% |
Skin cancer is the most common cancer around the world. The main cause is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays.
Treatment for early stage skin cancer involves removing the lesions.
The death rate from breast cancer decreased by
Relative survival rates in the table below are based on
| Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | 99% |
| Regional | 86% |
| Distant | 30% |
| All stages combined | 91% |
Survival rates vary according to the specific type. For example, triple-negative and inflammatory breast cancers are more aggressive than other types.
The exact cause of breast cancer isn’t clear. Along with environmental factors, certain inherited gene mutations may increase risk.
Treatment for early stage breast cancer generally involves surgery. Other treatments depend on the type and stage.
When caught early, the outlook for people with uterine cancer is very good. However, only
Relative survival rates in the table below are based on
| Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | 95% |
| Regional | 70% |
| Distant | 18% |
| All stages combined | 81% |
Surgery is the main treatment for early stage uterine cancer. Other options depend on how far the cancer has spread.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a type of blood cancer. The outlook for people with early stage disease is good. Only
Relative survival rates in the table below are based on
| Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | 93% |
| Regional | 95% |
| Distant | 83% |
| All stages combined | 89% |
Treatment for early stage disease may include chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
When the cancer is caught early, people with kidney or renal pelvis cancer have a favorable outlook. About
Relative survival rates in the table below are based on
| Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | 93% |
| Regional | 72.3% |
| Distant | 15.3% |
| All stages combined | 77% |
The main treatment for early stage kidney cancers is surgery to remove part or all of the kidney. Radiation therapy may also be necessary. Other treatments depend on the type and stage.
Localized ovarian cancer is quite treatable. But there’s no specific screening test and early symptoms may not be obvious. Almost
Relative survival rates in the table below are based on
| Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | 93% |
| Regional | 74% |
| Distant | 31% |
| All stages combined | 49% |
Early treatment includes surgery to remove one or both ovaries.
With the help of a Pap test, it’s possible to identify and remove precancerous lesions to prevent cervical cancer. Screening can also detect early stage cervical cancer. But only
Relative survival rates in the table below are based on
| Stage at diagnosis | 5-year relative survival rate |
|---|---|
| Localized | 91.8% |
| Regional | 59.4% |
| Distant | 17.1% |
| All stages combined | 67% |
Surgery is the main treatment for early stage disease.
Advances in cancer detection and treatment mean more people are surviving cancer. There’s a positive outlook for people with many different types of cancer, especially when the cancer is caught early.
Some of the most curable cancers, such as cervical and prostate cancers, have screening tests to help with early diagnosis. Other very treatable cancers, such as ovarian and uterine cancers, don’t have routine screening tests and may escape detection until they spread.
That’s why it’s important to be aware of risk factors, symptoms, and cancer screening tests. If you have concerns about your cancer risk, consider speaking with a doctor to learn more.