Depression is more likely among autistic people, but researchers aren’t yet sure why.
It’s possible that discrimination against autistic people plays a role in causing depression. It’s also possible that certain characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are risk factors for depression.
Research suggests that autistic people are more likely to experience depression than those who are not autistic.
A
It’s possible for autism to be mistaken for depression and vice versa, as they may have some overlapping traits, including:
- difficulties with concentration
- having a neutral or “emotionless” facial expression and voice
- lack of interest in socializing
- sleep problems
However, as a
It’s not entirely clear why autistic people are more likely to have depression. A number of factors may contribute to the co-occurrence of the conditions.
First, discrimination may play a role.
A 2018 paper found that social stigma causes stress that could contribute to heightened rates of mental illness in autistic people.
Second, it is possible that certain features of ASD can increase the risk of developing depression. A
An attentional bias is a tendency to ignore certain things while focusing on others. Researchers found that both autistic adults and adults with depression showed attentional bias toward negative emotional material.
Researchers argue that repetitive cognition could explain why autistic people are more likely to have depression. Repetitive cognition is the tendency to repeatedly think about, and ruminate on, certain ideas. Repeatedly thinking negative thoughts is a risk factor for depression.
In other words, repetitive cognition and an attentional bias toward negative material are both common characteristics of ASD and risk factors for depression.
Another common feature of ASD is alexithymia. This is when you have difficulty identifying and describing your emotions.
Some
Common symptoms of depression in autism
Although autistic people may have similar symptoms of depression as the general population, symptoms can differ. For example, a
Other than insomnia and restlessness, the symptoms of depression can include:
- changes in weight and appetite
- crying frequently
- decreased energy or fatigue
- difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
- feeling hopeless, worthless, and pessimistic
- feeling sad, numb, or “empty”
- increased irritability or anger
- lack of interest in usual hobbies and activities
- moving or talking slowly
- physical pain with no clear causes (including cramps, digestive issues, and headaches)
- sleep difficulties (including insomnia and oversleeping)
- social withdrawal
- thoughts of suicide, self-harm, or death
It’s possible to experience the above symptoms without meeting all the criteria for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. In some cases, another diagnosis might be a better fit.
Regardless of the diagnosis, it’s a good idea to seek professional support if you or a loved one have these symptoms.
Help is out there
If you or someone you know is in crisis and considering suicide or self-harm, please seek support:
- Call the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988.
- Text HOME to the Crisis Textline at 741741.
- Not in the United States? Find a helpline in your country with Befrienders Worldwide.
- Call 911 or your local emergency services number if you feel safe to do so.
If you’re calling on behalf of someone else, stay with them until help arrives. You may remove weapons or substances that can cause harm if you can do so safely.
If you are not in the same household, stay on the phone with them until help arrives.
There are a number of effective treatments for depression. These treatments can include psychotherapy (talk therapy) and antidepressant medication.
If you think you have depression, finding a therapist is a good place to start. When choosing a therapist, consider looking for one who has experience treating autistic clients.
You can also try the following lifestyle strategies:
- Maintain a regular sleep schedule.
- Ensure you get enough food and hydration.
- Exercise on a regular basis.
- Do things you enjoy, whether that’s hobbies, volunteering, or something else.
- Learn techniques for regulating your emotions, such as mindfulness or journaling.
- Cultivate healthy relationships with loved ones.
- Join support groups and forums for autistic people.
Certain supplements might help improve mood. Talk with your doctor before using any health products, including supplements and over-the-counter medication.
Autistic people may be more likely to develop depression, possibly because certain characteristics of ASD are risk factors for depression. Discrimination and social stigma can also play a role in increasing the risk of depression.
Depression is treatable. If you think you’re experiencing symptoms of depression, consider speaking with a doctor or finding a therapist who’s experienced in treating depression in autistic people.