Complications of vaginal or cervical trauma include:
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Infection. The vagina is abundant with bacteria; therefore, tears in the lining of the vagina may result in infection. In most cases, these infections are superficial (involving only the outer tissues) and easily treated with antibiotics. On rare occasions, an infection may extend deeper into the tissues and may be difficult to treat with antibiotics alone. In these cases, the laceration may need to be re-opened to allow the infection to drain.
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Hematoma formation. When bleeding is not completely stopped during repair of the vaginal laceration, a collection of blood may form inside the tear. This formation is called a hematoma. In cases of hematoma formation, the laceration must be re-opened to drain the blood and allow normal healing. Once the area has been cleaned, the laceration may be sutured once again or the site may be allowed to heal naturally over time.
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Leakage of stool or gas. Third and fourth degree lacerations may result in dysfunction of the anal sphincter, resulting in leakage of stool or gas from the anus. When this occurs, an additional operation may be required to repair the sphincter and restore normal function. Another problem may be the formation of a recto-vaginal fistula (a passage that connects the rectum to the vagina). Although this complication is very rare, when it occurs, the patient may experience symptoms such as leakage of stool or gas from the vagina. A fistula requires surgical repair.
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Cervical insufficiency. Damage to the cervix during labor can weaken the cervix and cause problems during future pregnancies. This can result in a condition called insufficient cervix. A cervix that is insufficient is not strong enough to stay closed throughout the pregnancy, and may dilate prematurely, placing the pregnancy at risk.
For more information about cervical and vaginal tears, go to Labor & Delivery: Risk Factors for Tears and Labor & Delivery: Treatment for Vaginal Tears.
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