An asthma attack refers to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Asthma causes the airways to become inflamed, swollen, and produce mucus. Asthma runs in families and usually starts before adulthood. It is more common in those with allergies and made worse by second hand smoke, pollution, cold air, and other factors. Those with asthma may use a daily inhaled medication called a controller and an inhaler with albuterol called a rescue medication, for quick action during an attack.