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An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a special x-ray examination of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. More
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A retrograde ureteropyelogram provides x-ray visualization of the bladder, ureters, and the kidney (renal) pelvis by injection of sterile dye into the renal collect... More
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Cystoscopy is a procedure to see the inside of the bladder and urethra. More
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A cytology exam of urine is used to detect cancer and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract. More
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During a physical examination, a health care provider studies a patient's body to determine the presence or absence of physical problems. A typical physical ex... More
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Bladder biopsy is a procedure that involves removing a small piece of tissue from the bladder for examination. More
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An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a special x-ray examination of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. More
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Cytology is the examination of individual cells and small clusters of cells, and may be used for the diagnosis and screening of diseases, including cancers. Cytolog... More
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A digital rectal exam is an examination of the lower rectum. The doctor uses a gloved, lubricated finger to check for abnormalities. More
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Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through ... More
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A biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue for laboratory examination. More
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A computed tomography (CT) scan is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the body. See also: Cranial CT scan; Lumbosacral sp... More
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Endoscopy is a way of looking inside the body using a flexible tube that has a small camera on the end of it. This instrument is called an endoscope. More
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Tumor markers are a group of proteins, hormones, enzymes, receptors, and other cellular products that are overexpressed (produced in higher than normal amounts) by ... More
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Computed tomography (also known as CT, CT scan, CAT, or computerized axial tomography) scans use x rays to produce precise cross-sectional images of anatomical stru... More
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A complete blood count (CBC) test measures the following: The number of red blood cells (RBCs; The number of white blood cells (WBCs; The total amount of hemog... More
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Uroflowmetry is a test that measures the volume of urine released (excreted) from the body, the speed with which it is excreted, and how long the excretion takes. More
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A chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and diaphragm. More
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive way to take pictures of the body. Unlike x-rays and computed tomographic (CT) scans, which use radiation, MRI uses... More
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A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer) to look for disease in the body. Unlike magnetic re... More
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Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, and cancer cells. Most commonly, the term is used to refer to cancer-killing drugs. This article ... More
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Immunologic therapy is the treatment of disease using medicines that boost the body's natural immune response . More
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Prostate seed implantation--also called brachytherapy--has become more and more popular in recent years as a treatment option for prostate cancer, and... More
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External Beam Radiotherapy
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Intravenous chemotherapy
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Instillation of Drug in Bladder
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Radiation therapy uses high powered x-rays or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells. More
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Transurethral bladder resection is a surgical procedure, performed under sedation or anesthesia, with a lighted tube inserted through the urethra (the small tube-li... More
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Cystectomy is a surgical procedure that removes all or part of the urinary bladder, the muscular organ that collects urine from the kidneys for excretion at a later... More
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Partial Cystectomy
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Cystectomy is a surgical procedure that removes all or part of the urinary bladder, the muscular organ that collects urine from the kidneys for excretion at a later... More
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CISPLATIN (SIS pla tin) is a chemotherapy drug. It targets fast dividing cells, like cancer cells, and causes these cells to die. This medicine is used to treat man... More
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This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. More
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PACLITAXEL (PAK li TAX el) is a chemotherapy drug. It targets fast dividing cells, like cancer cells, and causes these cells to die. This medicine is used to treat ... More
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GEMCITABINE (jem SIT a been) is a chemotherapy drug. This medicine is used to treat many types of cancer like breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and ova... More
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METHOTREXATE (METH oh TREX ate) is a chemotherapy drug. This medicine affects cells that are rapidly growing, such as cancer cells and cells in your mouth and stoma... More
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MITOMYCIN (mye toe MYE sin) is a chemotherapy drug. This medicine is used to treat cancer of the stomach and pancreas. More
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VINBLASTINE (vin BLAS teen) is a chemotherapy drug. It slows the growth of cancer cells. This medicine is used to treat many types of cancer like breast cancer, tes... More
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BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN LIVE, BCG (ba SIL us KAL met gay RAYN) is a bacteria solution. This medicine stimulates the immune system to ward off cancer cells. It is u... More
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This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. More
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Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties. Vitamin E exists in eight different forms (isomers): alpha, beta, gamma, and delta tocopherol; ... More
Efficacy Grade C
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The practice of acupuncture originated in China 5,000 years ago. Today it is widely used throughout the world and is one of the main pillars of Chinese medicine. Th... More
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Various forms of meditation have been practiced for thousands of years throughout the world, with many techniques originating in Eastern religious practices. In mod... More
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Various forms of therapeutic superficial tissue manipulation have been practiced for thousands of years across cultures. Chinese use of massage dates to 1600 BC, an... More
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