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A column of bones called vertebrae make up your spine. The spinal cord passes through the center of the column. Small, circular cushions called disks located between each vertebra act as shock absorbers when you move your back. Damage to a disk can cause the soft, rubbery center to bulge out of the hard, outer layer, also called herniated disk. If it presses on nearby nerves, a herniated disk can cause severe pain.
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