Health Q&A

Q: I have a family history of type 2 diabetes. Am I a candidate for the new gene test?

A: Probably, but there's little point in testing right now. The diabetes test that's currently available can't tell you for certain whether you'll develop the disease—it only reveals if you carry a gene that increases your odds. And because there are likely several genes involved, testing negative doesn't guarantee you're off the hook, any more than testing positive means you're doomed. This is especially true for type 2 diabetes, which is linked almost as strongly to your lifestyle as to your DNA. Whether or not you decide to get tested, your doctor's advice would probably be the same: Eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly and check in periodically for blood sugar testing.

GET YOUR BLOOD SUGAR TESTED IF...

You're 45 or older You meet any of the following criteria: high blood pressure, elevated total or LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, a waist larger than 35 inches, or a history of gestational diabetes You're overweight, have polycystic ovary syndrome, or are African-American or Hispanic.

Q: When should I get a second opinion, and what's the protocol?

A: It's wise to ask for a second opinion any time you feel concerned. In fact, when there are several ways to treat a problem or when a patient is not responding to treatment, I often recommend that she see another doctor. Doing this can provide an opportunity to discuss other options and/or confirm the original diagnosis. If your doc doesn't suggest seeking a second opinion, don't be afraid to get one. You can start by asking her for a referral (she shouldn't be offended), or you can locate a specialist through the American Medical Association at AMA-Assn.org.

Q: I get bruises easily, and sometimes one pops up in a place I don't remember injuring. What could make me so prone?

A: There are a number of possible explanations. Bruises occur when a small vessel near the skin's surface leaks blood into the surrounding tissue after a trauma. Regularly taking certain medications, such as ibuprofen or aspirin, that thin the blood and make it less likely to clot, can make you more susceptible (even after a minor injury). When you get a bump, apply a cold compress for 15 to 20 minutes and elevate the area to minimize the mark. If, however, this tendency to bruise is new, and the marks seem to be appearing for no reason, see a doctor. It's possible you have anemia or that you're not getting enough folic acid or vitamins C or K. Also consult your M.D. if your bruises become abnormally large or painful. Occasionally, bruises can be a sign of a blood disorder or liver problem that needs to be treated.

ASK SELF'S HEALTH EXPERT

Have a question for Lisa Callahan, M.D.? Nothing is too personal! Log on to Self.com/livingwell to browse through our health Q&Amp;A database or to submit your query. She is the author of The Fitness Factor (Lyons Press).