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Arterial Hypertension  Health Article

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Illustrations
Figure 63-10. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled i...
Figure 63-10. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled intervention trials. The difference in systolic blood pressure between placebo and active treatment or between less intense and more intense treatment for hypertension is plotted against the relative risk of fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular events. Within the 95% confidence intervals used in this regression analysis, the reduction in cardiovascular mortality afforded by the various antihypertensive treatment regimens in these large numbers of trials is linearly related to the magnitude of blood pressure lowering.
Figure 63-1. Adjusted relative risk of cardiovascular mortality by systolic blood pressure (BP) levels in men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).
Figure 63-1. Adjusted ...
Figure 63-3. Age-dependent changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the United States.
Figure 63-3. Age-depen...
Figure 63-5. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitor tracings in two different patients. A, Optimal blood pressure in a healthy 37-year-old woman. Note the normal variability in blood pressure, the nocturnal dip in blood pressure during sleep, and the sharp increase in blood pressure on awakening.
Figure 63-5. Twenty-fo...
Figure 63-7. Mendelian forms of hypertension that cause mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. Aldo S = aldosterone synthase; AME = apparent mineralocorticoid excess; GRA = glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism; 11?-HSD2 = 11?-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type 2; DOC = deoxycorticosterone; ENaC = epithelial sodium channel; HTN = hypertension; MR = mineralocorticoid receptor. See text for explanation.
Figure 63-7. Mendelian...
Figure 63-10. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled intervention trials. The difference in systolic blood pressure between placebo and active treatment or between less intense and more intense treatment for hypertension is plotted against the relative risk of fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular events. Within the 95% confidence intervals used in this regression analysis, the reduction in cardiovascular mortality afforded by the various antihypertensive treatment regimens in these large numbers of trials is linearly related to the magnitude of blood pressure lowering.
Figure 63-10. Meta-ana...
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Table 63-8
Figure 63-2. Percentage of hypertensive patients whose blood pressures are both treated and controlled to either less than 140/90 mm Hg or less than 160/95 mm Hg in different countries.
Figure 63-2. Percentag...
Figure 63-4. Joint influences of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in the Framingham cohort of people 50 to 79 years of age ( A ). At levels of SBP between 110 and 170 mm Hg, CHD risk was found to be inversely related to diastolic blood pressure. Joint influences of SBP and pulse pressure ( B ). At levels of SBP between 110 and 170 mm Hg, CHD risk increases with increasing pulse pressure (PP).
Figure 63-4. Joint inf...
Figure 63-6. Computed tomography angiogram with three-dimensional reconstruction, showing a severe proximal stenosis of the right renal artery and mild stenosis of the left renal artery.
Figure 63-6. Computed ...
Figure 63-9. Cumulative incidence (left) and crude rate (right) of cardiovascular (CV) events in hypertensive patients with and without echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, defined as a left ventricular (LV) mass index of greater than 125 g per body surface area (BSA).
Figure 63-9. Cumulativ...
Table 63-1
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