The superior gluteal artery is the larger of the two branches of the main gluteal artery, with the second being the inferior branch. This short, trunk-like branch emanates from the posterior portion of the internal iliac (or hypogastric artery) and travels from the pelvis between the first sacral nerve and the lumbar sacral cord. It then branches off into other large vessels and serves as nerve supply to the upper portion of the gluteus maximus. The superficial division supplies the surface of the gluteus maximus and lies between it and the gluteus medius. The deep division separates into a superior and an inferior branch, with both lying between the gluteus medius and minimus. Gluteal artery aneurysms are rare but possible, with only 22 cases noted in medical literature worldwide over the past 30 years. Also uncommon, injury to the superior gluteal artery is possible and has been noted during surgical iliosacral screw placement. A breast reconstructive surgical technique called the SGAP flap procedure utilizing tissue from this artery is often employed following breast cancer treatment.