Lyle Hurd: Dr. Cass, I’d like to get your advice. We have someone very close to us who has schizophrenia. He’s an adult male, has had it for over 35 years. Has been on medications and once that medication gets to the place where it’s somehow overcoming everything else in his system, and giving him tics and making him do all sorts of things he has no control over, he gets off it—he quits it and then he has to go back in the hospital because of what’s going on . Now this has happened about 3 times, and since becoming aware of what you’re talking about and other people in our industry, I began to realize that the depletions that are caused by these drugs, which are inevitable, are what’s doing this to him. Now, we’ve explained that to him, and he’s about to begin to look into what he can take to hopefully avoid that. But how prevalent is that? Dr. Hyla Cass: Very, very prevalent. The irony is [that] in the 1950s, get this, in the 1950s David Hawken, who also wrote “Power Versus Force”, the very same man who had written the best seller a few years ago, wrote a book on psychiatry and did some research, he’s a psychiatrist, did some research in a big state hospital in New York and gave the patients, gave 10,000 patients vitamins, particularly vitamin E, and none of them developed what’s called tardive dyskinesia, which is a movement disorder that goes along with these very heavy, what are called neuroleptics, anti psychotic drugs. In those days it was thorazine and stelazine. Now it’s seraquel, zyprexa, and a number of other ones, risperdal. So, they’re useful drugs. They’re useful in small doses when they’re used appropriately but they should be accompanied by supplements. And, if they’re accompanied by supplements, for example, in Hawken’s case, all these patients, what they had were a multivitamin with extra vitamin E, they didn’t develop tardive dyskinesia, which is very serious. It’s these grimacing and involuntary movements and it makes them socially unacceptable. It’s very embarrassing for the individual themselves and their family, and it’s totally avoidable, but it’s not known in general psychiatric circles. So, if someone is on an antipsychotic, very simple to add in a multivitamin, vitamin E, manganese, make sure they have enough of the B vitamins, and all of this will help to mitigate these side effects and actually help the drugs to work better. Now, another very interesting point here is that in the 1950s, again, Dr. Abram Hoffer was head of—he was psychiatric director of a very large provincial hospital in Saschetchawan. And, what he discovered was that large doses of niacin were very, very helpful with treating extremely disturbed patients, schizophrenics, chronic psychotics, back ward patients. Giving them high doses of niacin made a tremendous difference. And, you might say that’s just vitamin B3, how could it do that, you know, we have all these strong drugs. Well, the drugs weren’t invented yet, and so it was acceptable then to use vitamins because there weren’t any drugs to compete. As soon as the drugs came out all his research just sort of went by the wayside. And, since then, and he’s—I think he’s about 90 by now—he’s still functioning; he’s semi-retired but he’s still writing and answering emails and consulting and he’s one of my heroes—Dr. Abram Hoffer—I love him, I just love him. He founded the Orthomolecular Medical Society. So, he is still treating people with high doses of niacin, with all of these other supplements—he actually prescribes meds on occasion, and there’s nothing wrong with the meds when they’re used appropriately—and getting terrific results. Lyle Hurd: I want you to know something. I sent your book to this fellow’s sister and she looked up the drugs, and she showed it to him and those are exactly the symptoms he had for the first drug and the second drug. And, now he’s back on drugs but he’s taken this [book] into the doctor and said, “Al