Male Speaker: Ken, we have been talking a lot about the L-carnitine and the uses and so on but I know that Sigma-Tau has been very, very active in research, supporting research, sponsoring it and so on. And perhaps we can talk a little bit about some of the research that has been recently released on one of the forms that is Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine. Ken: Sure, we have an ongoing effort with the aminocarnitines for trying to get a better understanding as to how these products offer the support that they do. First study that's been completed and started about four years ago, and that we found that amongst other things that there was a increase with the Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine and increase in the ability for the cell to retain nitric oxide. Now, nitric oxide is a very highly precious signaling molecule. It's a gas in itself. But, it's a signaling molecule and it's kind of responsible in part for flipping that switch that allows the blood vessels to relax after strenuous exercise so that blood flow could be facilitated into the muscle and therefore to create the recovery. Now, here again it's a matter of argument when we talk about what the exercise is. I mean essentially you know that when you eat a heavy meal, that's an exercise. Your heart rate goes up, I mean you are actually, you are speeding up your metabolism. I mean this is an exercise, when you take a walk, when you run, when you shovel snow, these are all exercises. And unfortunately, in some extent, these exercises occur at a time when people are least able to handle it. So in other words the combination of two of these exercises together is reason why you can see why sometimes people have fatal accidents because they've combined two exercises. In other words, eating a big meal, and then going out and saying I am going to shovel or walk. It's not a good idea if you are a particular - it could be a point where your demand for oxygen is more than your body can handle and this is the cause for severe cardiac accidents. Well, this is why things like GlycoCarn can add additional support and create the blood flow necessary that could be - one thing about carnitine in general that is, is that it's implicated in so many different support situations that people start scratching their head saying, gee! Is there anything that the stuff isn't good for? When we talk about aging and anti-aging, we are talking about anti-aging at the cellular level. All the stuff that we have been discussing here about the way the cell works, about fats being an important nutrient to the cell for source of energy. But, that when you burn that fat it creates end products that could be less than desirable. Carnitine helps to get those waste products out. Those waste products if they remain in the cell clog the cell membrane. The cell membrane is unable to carry on its normal cell functions, and so over a period of time, the cell wall gets kind of brittle and the cell dies. Okay, fine, we have got billions of cells; a new one comes in to take its place. Unfortunately there is just so many generations of replenished cells that the body can do before it starts saying you know what, I think I am coming down with something. I don't think I can do it anymore and so that particular organ or that particular system starts to behave somewhat erratically. And at that point, unless you step in and do something to intervene, you are talking about situation where you are supporting health, maintaining wellness or not. So because carnitine is so involved in each of our body cells that how do we know this? Very simple whatever a cell has a mitochondria, carnitine is going to be there. So what does that mean? Well, most of our body cells, I mean they have lots and lots of mitochondria but you know different types of cells have different levels of mitochondria. If you think in terms of where is carnitine needed most? Just go over and count the mitochondria in that particular cell. In some of the major muscles