Stomach

Food passes from the esophagus to the stomach, where additional digestive processes take place. A rapid shift in pH occurs from ~6.0 to 7.0 to between pH 2.0 and 2.5. This highly acidic stomach environment initiates a series of events that promote protein digestion, while continuing the mixing action that was initiated in the mouth. Specialized cells in the stomach also produce intrinsic factor, which is needed for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂. A persistent failure to absorb vitamin B₁₂ eventually results in a condition called pernicious anemia.

Risk factors for an acute irritation of the stomach, referred to as gastritis, are generally considered to be excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive use of alcohol, and increasing age. The common cause of gastritis in athletes would most likely be regular NSAID use, which may irritate the stomach lining. NSAIDs come in prescription (e.g., Naprosyn) and over-the-counter forms (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen). These common pain relievers reduce a protective substance in your stomach called prostaglandin. When taken infrequently and short term, NSAIDs usually don't cause many stomach problems, especially if taken with antacids or food. However, regular use may result in gastritis and, eventually, in stomach ulcers as well. Other factors could be associated with gastritis in athletes:

• Severe physical and psychological stress
• Alcohol abuse
• Infection from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)¹
• Cocaine use