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Prognosis

Diabetes is a chronic disease for which there is not yet a cure. The prognosis for diabetics is varied based on blood glucose control. Tight control of blood glucose can delay or even prevent the progression of complications and secondary illnesses caused by diabetes. However, complications may occur even when good control is achieved. Diabetics with high control of blood glucose and blood pressure significantly reduce their risk of death, stroke, and heart failure. A reduction of HbA1c by one percentage point can improve prognosis and cause a decrease in the risk for complications by 25%. Prognosis is greatly improved by a normal BMI, which uses individuals' height and weight to rate them as normal, overweight, or obese. A score of 18–24.9 is considered normal and improves the prognosis for diabetes. A score of 25–29.9 indicating overweight, or a score of 30 or more indicating obesity, results in a poorer prognosis. Diabetics have increased susceptibility to illness such as influenza. Once a diabetic has an illness, they often have a worse prognosis than non-diabetics. Smoking cigarettes drastically worsens the prognosis for diabetes, greatly increasing the risk of vascular complications, gangrene, and amputations.

BOOKS

Champe, P. C., and R. A. Harvey. Lippincott's Illustrated Review of Biochemistry, Second Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1994.

Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine, Sixth Edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science, 2004.

WEBSITES

All About Diabetes. American Diabetes Association. (April 2, 2005.) <http://www.diabetes.org/genetics.jsp>.

Diabetes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (April 2, 2005.) <http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/>.

Diabetes. MedlinePlus. (April 2, 2005.) <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetes.html>.

Diabetes. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. (April 2, 2005.) <http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/a-z.asp>.

Diabetes Data and Trends. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (April 2, 2005.) <http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/index.htm>.

Diabetes Health Topics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (April 2, 2005.) <http://www.cdc.gov/doc.do/id/0900f3ec802723eb>.

The Genetic Landscape of Diabetes. National Institutes of Health. (April 2, 2005.) <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=diabetes.TOC&depth=1>.

ORGANIZATIONS

American Diabetes Association. 1701 North Beauregard Street, Alexandria, VA 22311. 800-DIABETES, (800) 342-2383. (April 2, 2005.) <http://www.diabetes.org>.

National Diabetes Education Program. (800) 438-5383. (April 2, 2005.) <http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/ndep/index.htm>.

National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. 1 Information Way, Bethesda, MD 20892-3560. (800) 860-8747. (April 2, 2005.) <http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/about/index.htm>.

Maria Basile, PhD

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