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If you have thyroid cancer, you probably have many questions and concerns about your treatment options. It's normal to want to learn all you can.
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Surgery is the first and main treatment for thyroid cancer. Your doctor will use tissue removed during surgery to determine the cancer's stage, which helps him or her decide on whether you need additional treatment. When you have surgery for thyroid cancer, your surgeon will try to remove the whole thyroid gland. This is called a thyroidectomy. Sometimes, your doctor will remove only part of the thyroid. That is a near-total thyroidectomy. Surgeons today most often do total or near-total thyroidectomies.
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The thyroid is the only part of the human body that absorbs iodine. After you've had surgery for thyroid cancer, you may have treatment with radioactive iodine. The goal of this treatment is to pinpoint and kill any remaining cancer cells.
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In radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, strong x-rays kill cancer cells. Radiation is a local therapy, affecting the cancer cells only in treated areas. Radiation, given alone or with chemotherapy or hormone therapy, is sometimes used before surgery to destroy cancer cells and to shrink tumors.
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Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is a systemic therapy because the drugs travel through the body in the bloodstream. Chemotherapy for thyroid cancer is sometimes given in combination with radiation treatments to increase its effectiveness.
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If you've had surgery to remove your thyroid gland, your body may no longer make the thyroid hormones it used to make. You will likely be on thyroid hormone therapy, which is usually in the form of pills. These pills replace your lost hormones. Thyroid hormones are important because they help the body work properly.
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