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Tension Headaches Learning Center

Stress is defined as an organism's total response to environmental demands or pressures. When stress was first studied in the 1950s, the term was used to denote both the causes and the experienced effects of these pressures. More recently, however...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Stress can come from any situation or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or anxious. What is stressful to one person is not necessarily stressful to another. Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension or fear. The source of this uneasiness i...
Source:ADAM
Date:December 15, 2008
Disturbance in the physiology of the individual. Among psychologists and psychiatrists, stress refers to a psychological reaction within the person to events that generate strong emotion that cannot be easily regulated; for other social scientists...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Stress is defined as an organism's total response to environmental demands or pressures. When stress was first studied in the 1950s, the term was used to denote both the causes and the experienced effects of these pressures. Since the 1990s, howev...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Over the course of evolution, the human mind and body have developed means of handling stressful situations. Over the short term, such stress response pathways are highly adaptive, allowing a person to manage his or her resources in order to navig...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Stress is a term that refers to the sum of the physical, mental, and emotional strains or tensions on a person. Feelings of stress in humans result from interactions between persons and their environment that are perceived as straining or exceedin...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Stress is an individual's physical and mental reaction to environmental demands or pressures.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Depression, also known as depressive disorders or unipolar depression, is a mental illness characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness or despair and/or a loss of interest in things that once were pleasurable. Disturbance in slee...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Depression may be described as feeling sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, or down in the dumps. Most of us feel this way at one time or another for short periods. True clinical depression is a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, o...
Source:ADAM
Date:January 20, 2009
Depression is sometimes referred to as the common cold of mental illness. It is a debilitating disease with significant societal costs. It is, however, one of the most clearly defined and treatable of mental illnesses. Technically, the term "depre...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
History Generalised anxiety disorder is a relatively recent diagnosis. Before 1980 it was subsumed under the label of anxiety neurosis, a disorder first delineated by Freud in 1894 1 and characterised by persistent feelings of unattached fearfulness described as free-floating anxiety. 1 However, the disorder described by Freud also included the symptom of panic, and when panic disorder was subsequently identified as a separate illness by Klein, 2 the part of anxiety neurosis that did not include panic became known as generalised anxiety disorder.
Source:Elsevier
Anxiety is a bodily response to a perceived threat or danger. It is triggered by a combination of biochemical changes in the body, the patient's personal history and memory, and the social situation. It is important to distinguish between anxiety ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Systematic desensitization is a technique used to treat phobias and other extreme or erroneous fears based on principles of behavior modification .
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Anxiety is normally a helpful emotion that rouses the individual to action and alerts the individual to danger. Everyone has anxiety; it is common to feel anxiety before a ?first date,? when beginning a new job, or before an examination.
Source:Elsevier
Anxiety is a multisystem response to a perceived threat or danger. It reflects a combination of biochemical changes in the body, the patient's personal history and memory, and the social situation. As far as we know, anxiety is a uniquely human ex...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Anxiety is a multisystem response to a perceived threat or danger. It reflects a combination of biochemical changes in the body, the patient's personal history and memory , and the social situation at hand. Human anxiety involves an ability to use...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Anxiety is a condition of persistent and uncontrollable nervousness, stress, and worry that is triggered by anticipation of future events, memories of past events, or ruminations over day-to-day events, both trivial and major, with disproportionat...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
A condition of persistent nervousness, stress, and worry that is triggered by anticipation of future events, memories of past events, or ruminations about the self Stimulated by real or imagined dangers, anxiety affects people of all ages and soci...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
A common disorder infrequently diagnosed Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and often chronic disorder, with an estimated lifetime prevalence rate of 5.7% in the general population, but it is often overlooked and undertreated. 1 Why should this be so? Comorbid disorders motivate help-seeking The core symptoms of GAD are chronic worry and tension.
Source:Elsevier
Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress . A smoking habit is a physical addictio...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Question: What are the negative effects of smoking? Answer: Smokers have an increased risk of the following: Lung cancer; Lung disease; Heart attack; Heart disease; Hypertension; Stroke; Oral cancer; Bladder cancer; Pancreatic cancer; Cervical can...
Source:ADAM
Date:February 23, 2009
Use of cigarettes and other tobacco products to engage in a habit that almost always leads to addiction. Every day 3,000 young people light up their first cigarette; every year a million teenagers become regular smokers. Adolescent smoking has ris...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally, usually in a social situation or to relieve stress . A smoking habit is a physical addictio...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco that is used mostly in three forms: cigarettes, pipes, and cigars.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Smoking is an important and preventable cause of death and illness. However, as more money has been spent on smoking cessation programs, the incidence of cigarette smoking has risen. In 2002, 48 percent of men and 12 percent of women in the world ...
Source:Gale Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z
Usually referred to as the flu or grippe, influenza is a highly infectious respiratory disease. The disease is caused by certain strains of the influenza virus. When the virus is inhaled, it attacks cells in the upper respiratory tract, causing su...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
The flu is a contagious infection of the nose, throat, and lungs caused by the influenza virus.
Source:ADAM
Date:March 6, 2009
Usually referred to as the flu or grippe, influenza is a highly infectious respiratory disease. The disease is caused by certain strains of the influenza virus. When the virus is inhaled, it attacks cells in the upper respiratory tract, causing ty...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Usually referred to as the flu or grippe, influenza is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by certain strains of influenza virus. When the virus is inhaled it attacks cells in the upper respiratory tract causing typical flu symptoms suc...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Usually referred to as the flu or grippe, influenza is a highly infectious respiratory disease. Its name comes from the Italian word for "influence," because people in eighteenth-century Europe thought that the disease was caused by the influence ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Influenza is a potentially severe acute respiratory illness caused by various strains of the influenza virus. The different strains all produce characteristic symptoms, and because major outbreaks are associated with increased mortality, occurrenc...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
The common cold, also called a rhinovirus or coronavirus infection, is a viral infection of the upper respiratory system, including the nose, throat, sinuses, eustachian tubes, trachea, larynx, and bronchial tubes. Over 200 different viruses can c...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
The common cold generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing. You may also have a sore throat, cough, headache, or other symptoms. Over 200 viruses can cause a cold.
Source:ADAM
Date:March 6, 2009
The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory system , including the nose, throat, sinuses, eustachian tubes, trachea, larynx, and bronchial tubes. Although over 200 different viruses can cause a cold, 30–50% are caused by a group ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat, sinuses, eustachian tubes, trachea, larynx, and bronchial tubes. Although more than 200 different viruses can cause a cold, 30–50% are caused by...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory system, including the nose, throat, sinuses, eustachian tubes, trachea, larynx, and bronchial tubes. Although over 200 different viruses can cause a cold, 30–50% are caused by a group k...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Nasal congestion refers to a stuffy nose.
Source:ADAM
Date:November 2, 2009
Alcohol (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) consumption has a social aspect to it, but it is often abused. The effect of alcohol consumption on the body depends on how often it is consumed, how much, and the alcohol content of the drinks. Frequent alcohol ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Alcohol use involves drinking alcohol, which is produced by fermenting the starch or sugar in fruits and grains. See also: Alcohol and diet; Alcoholism; Alcohol withdrawal state.
Source:ADAM
Date:January 20, 2009
Caffeine is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Caffeine is a substance that exists naturally in certain plants. It can also be produced synthetically and used as an additive in food products. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a diuretic.
Source:ADAM
Date:May 2, 2009
Caffeine is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system (CNS). Caffeine is found naturally in coffee, Kola seed kernels or nuts ( Cola nidtida ), and a variety of teas. Other foods and beverages, such as chocolate and soft drinks, also conta...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Caffeine is a naturally occurring stimulant found in the leaves, seeds, or fruit of over sixty plants around the world. Caffeine exists in the coffee bean in Arabia, the tea leaf in China, the kola nut in West Africa, and the cocoa bean in Mexico....
Source:Gale Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z
Caffeine is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system (CNS). Caffeine is found naturally in coffee, kola seed kernels or nuts ( Cola nidtida ), and a variety of teas. Other foods and beverages, such as chocolate and soft drinks, also conta...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Caffeine is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Women's health differs from men's health, and not just with respect to reproduction. To understand and examine these differences appropriately, the variables of sex and gender are each relevant. In general, sex refers to biological, anatomical, ph...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
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