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Strabismus Learning Center
- Diabetes
- Stroke
- Lazy Eye
- Cerebral Palsy
- Retinoblastoma
- Farsightedness
- Traumatic Brain Inj...
- Prader-Willi Syndro...
- Noonan Syndrome
- Trisomy 18
- Congenital Rubella ...
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family history of strabismus
- Blind or Low Vision...
- Botulism
- Guillain-Barre Synd...
- Apert Syndrome
- Paralytic Shellfish...
- Ito Syndrome
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Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. See also: Gestational diabetes; Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes; Metabolic syndrome.
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Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. Those with diabetes are at high risk for a number of complications. See also: Diabetes; Gestational diabetes; Metabolic syndrome; Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes.
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that occurs during pregnancy . Like other forms of diabetes, GDM involves a defect in the way the body processes and uses sugars (glucose) in the diet. Gestational diabetes, however, has a number ...
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Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or when cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the cells of the body. Symptoms include fr...
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A serious disorder caused by an absence of or insufficient amount of insulin in the bloodstream. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas in varying amounts, depending on the concentration of glucose (sugar). When the pancreas is unable to se...
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Diabetes mellitus describes a group of diseases in which there is an elevated level of the sugar glucose, the body's main source of energy for cellular functions, in the blood. The level of glucose, as well as other "fuel" molecules, is increased ...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the body is not able to correctly process glucose for cell energy due to either an insufficient amount of the hormone insulin or a physical resistance to the insulin the body does produce. Without pr...
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Diabetes is the Greek term for "passing through," a phrase used to describe multiple diseases characterized by excessive urination. There are multiple forms of diabetes. The most frequently described is diabetes mellitus, a chronic disorder involv...
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Gestational diabetes is a condition that occurs during pregnancy . Like other forms of diabetes, gestational diabetes involves a defect in the way the body processes and uses sugars (glucose) in the diet. Gestational diabetes, however, has a numbe...
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Diabetes mellitus is a condition that occurs when either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body's cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced. In either case, glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed or used by the cells...
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Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin action, insulin production, or both. Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, helps the body use and store glucose produced during the digestion of food. Charac...
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The following Clinical Topic Tour provides an overview of stroke and was adapted from materials published by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow.
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A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack." See also: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
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Stroke is an increasing public health concern throughout the world as the leading cause of long-term disability. There is estimated to be over 3.5 million survivors of stroke in the United States.
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A stroke is an interruption of blood circulation to the brain causing a neurologic deficit reflecting the area of the brain affected. Stroke can be ischemic or hemorrhagic. 1 Ischemic stroke is most prevalent.
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A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow.
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A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack." There are two major types of stroke: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. When a blood vessel that supplies blood to the br...
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There are various clinical and pathological subtypes of stroke, and identification of the subtype is necessary for correct management. Investigations Imaging Brain imaging should be performed within the first 48 hours of the onset of stroke (see below), to determine whether the stroke is haemorrhagic or ischaemic and to exclude other causes (e.g. tumour).
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Stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is the third leading cause of death (after heart disease and cancer) in the United States and the industrialized countries of the world. The term "stroke," which comes from subjects being suddenly "struck...
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A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. Stroke is the leading cause of disability among adults in the United States. It is the country's third leading cause of death. This article discusses recovery from stroke. H...
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Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the medical term for what is commonly termed a stroke. It refers to the injury to the brain that occurs when flow of blood to brain tissue is interrupted by a clogged or ruptured artery, causing brain tissue to di...
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A stroke, also called a cerebral infarction, is a life-threatening condition marked by a sudden disruption in the blood supply to the brain.
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A stroke, also called a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), is the sudden death of cells in a specific area of the brain due to inadequate blood flow.
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Stroke is the common name for the injury to the brain that occurs when the flow of blood to brain tissue is interrupted by a clogged or burst artery. Arterial blood carries oxygen and nutrition to the cells of the body. When arteries are unable to...
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Amblyopia refers to diminished vision in either one or both eyes, for which no cause can be discovered upon examination of the eye. Amblyopia is the medical term used when the vision in one of the eyes is reduced because the eye and the brain are ...
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Amblyopia, or "lazy eye," is the loss of one eye's ability to see details. It is the most common cause of vision problems in children.
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Lazy eye, or amblyopia, is an eye condition in which disuse causes reduced vision in an otherwise healthy eye. The affected eye is called the lazy eye. This vision defect occurs in 2–3% of American children. If not corrected before age eight, ambl...
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A common eye problem in which one eye does not develop normal vision. Amblyopia is also known as lazy eye. It occurs when one eye sees better than the other because of injury or because of an underlying eye problem. The child learns to depend on t...
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Amblyopia is an uncorrectable decrease in vision in one or both eyes with no apparent structural abnormality seen to explain it. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning that when a decrease in vision is detected, other causes must be ruled out. On...
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term used for a group of nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, motor control centers of the brain. CP is caused by events before, during, or after birth. The ab...
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Cerebral palsy is condition, sometimes thought of as a group of disorders that can involve brain and nervous system functions such as movement, learning, hearing, seeing, and thinking. Ther are several different types of cerebral palsy, including ...
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term used for a group of nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, motor control centers of the brain. CP is caused by events before, during, or after birth. The ab...
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term used for a group of nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, motor control centers of the brain or, in some cases, hypoxemia (insufficient oxygen in the blood...
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term used for a group of nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, motor control centers of the brain. CP is caused by events before, during, or after birth. The ab...
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term used for a group of nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, motor control centers of the brain. CP is caused by events before, during, or after birth. The ab...
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Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movements and muscle coordination. It is caused by damage to one or more specific areas of the brain, usually occurring during fetal development or during infancy.
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Cerebral palsy (CP), or static encephalopathy, is the name for a collection of movement disorders caused by brain damage that occurs before, during, or shortly after birth. A person with CP is often also affected by other conditions caused by brai...
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A permanent motor disability caused by brain damage associated with birth. Cerebral palsy (CP) results from head injury after birth. The primary effects of cerebral palsy range from mild impairment of movement of one part of the body to severe imp...
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Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina that occurs predominantly in young children.
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Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor (cancer) of the retina (part of the eye) that generally affects children under the age of 6. It is most commonly diagnosed in children aged 1 - 2 years.
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Retinoblastoma is a cancer affecting one or both eyes. It occurs mainly in children under the age of four. Its name is derived from the area of the eye that is affected, the retina. The retina is the part of the eye that captures the images of the...
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Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina that occurs predominantly in young children.
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Retinoblastoma is a cancer affecting one or both eyes. It occurs mainly in children under the age of four. Its name is derived from the area of the eye that is affected, the retina. The retina is the part of the eye that captures the images of the...
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Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina that occurs predominantly in young children.
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Hyperopia (farsightedness) is an eye condition in which incoming rays of light reach the retina before they converge into a focused image.
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Farsightedness is difficulty seeing objects that are nearby.
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Hyperopia, also known as hypermetropia or farsightedness, is the condition of the eye in which incoming rays of light reach the retina before they converge into a focused image.
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Hyperopia (farsightedness) is the condition of the eye where incoming rays of light reach the retina before they converge into a focused image.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the result of physical trauma to the head causing damage to the brain. This damage can be focal, or restricted to a single area of the brain, or diffuse, affecting more than one region of the brain. By definition, T...
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Part of the central nervous system located in the skull. Controls mental and physical actions of the organism. The brain, with the spinal cord and network of nerves, controls information flow throughout the body, voluntary actions, such as walking...
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Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic condition caused by the absence of chromosomal material from chromosome 15. The genetic basis of PWS is complex. Characteristics of the syndrome include developmental delay, poor muscle tone, short stature,...
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Prader-Willi syndrome is a congenital (present from birth) disease that involves obesity, decreased muscle tone, decreased mental capacity, and sex glands that produce little or no hormones.
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Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic condition caused by the absence of chromosomal material from chromosome 15. The genetic basis of PWS is complex. Characteristics of the syndrome include developmental delay, poor muscle tone, short stature,...
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Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic condition caused by the absence of chromosomal material from chromosome 15. Characteristics of the syndrome include developmental delays, poor muscle tone, short stature, small hands and feet, incomplete se...
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Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic condition caused by the absence of chromosomal material from chromosome 15. The genetic basis of PWS is complex. Characteristics of the syndrome include developmental delay, poor muscle tone, short stature,...
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Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes abnormal development of multiple parts of the body. It used to be called Turner-like syndrome because certain symptoms (webbing of neck and abnormally shaped chest) resembled those seen in Turner s...
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Noonan syndrome is a condition usually involving a heart problem found at birth, short stature, a broad or webbed neck, pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum (chest deformities), as well as a range of developmental delays. Occasionally, café-au-la...
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Noonan syndrome is a condition usually involving a heart problem found at birth, short stature, a broad or webbed neck, pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum (chest deformities), as well as a range of developmental delays. Occasionally, café-au-la...
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Trisomy 18 is a genetic syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies and severe to profound mental retardation. It is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 18 in some or all of the cells of the body. Babies with the condition usually do not s...
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Trisomy 18 is a genetic syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies and severe to profound mental retardation. It is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 18 in some or all of the cells of the body. Babies with the condition usually do not s...
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Congenital rubella is a group of physical problems that occur in an infant when its mother is infected with the virus that causes German measles.
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Blindness is a lack of vision. It may also refer to a loss of vision that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. Partial blindness means you have very limited vision; Complete blindness means you cannot see anything and do not see lig...
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Botulism is an acute, progressive condition caused by botulinum toxin, a natural poison produced by the spore-forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum . Exposure to the botulinum toxin usually occurs from eating contaminated food although, in infant...
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Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by Clostridium botulinum bacteria. The bacteria may enter the body through wounds, or they may live in improperly canned or preserved food.
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Botulism is a rare disease that occurs in four forms: food-borne botulism (the most common form); infant botulism (sometimes associated with honey); an adult form of infant botulism; and wound infection botulism. Botulism is caused by botulinum ne...
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Botulism is caused by botulinum toxin, a natural poison produced by certain bacteria in the Clostridium genus. Exposure to the botulinum toxin occurs mostly from eating contaminated food, or in infants, from certain clostridia growing in the intes...
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Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by the potent toxin of the Clostridium botulinum bacterium. There are three main types of botulism: foodborne botulism, infant botulism, and wound botulism.
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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) causes progressive muscle weakness and paralysis (the complete inability to use a particular muscle or muscle group), which develops over days or up to four weeks, and lasts several weeks or even months.
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Guillain-Barre syndrome is a serious disorder that occurs when the body's defense (immune) system mistakenly attacks part of the nervous system. This leads to nerve inflammation that causes muscle weakness.
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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an inflammation of the covering that surrounds nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord. The basis of the inflammation is not conclusively known, but is generally considered to arise from a malfunctioning immune sy...
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Premature closure of the skull bones leading to facial distortion with an unusually tall skull and fusion of the fingers and toes, known as syndactyly, are the major features of Apert syndrome (AS). Another name for this disorder is acrocephalysyn...
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Apert syndrome is a genetic disease in which the seams between the skull bones close earlier than normal. This affects the shape of the head and face.
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Premature closure of the skull bones leading to facial distortion with an usually tall skull and fusion of the fingers and toes, known as syndactyly, are the major features of Apert syndrome (AS). Another name for this disorder is acrocephalysynda...
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Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a nervous system disease caused by eating cooked or raw shellfish that contain environmental toxins. These toxins are produced by a group of algae (dinoflagellates). It is unclear whether these toxins are rel...
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This article describes a group of different conditions caused by eating contaminated fish and seafood. The most common of these are Ciguatera poisoning, Scombroid poisoning, and various shellfish poisonings. This is for information only and not fo...
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Incontinentia pigmenti achromians is a rare birth defect that causes unusual patches of light-colored (hypopigmented) skin and possible neurological and skeletal problems. See also: Hypopigmentation
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