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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Learning Center

Symptoms could include:
Flashback episodes, where the event seems to be happening again and again; Recurrent distressing memories of the event; Repeated dreams of the event;
Source:ADAM
Date:January 20, 2009
DSM-IV-TR specifies six diagnostic criteria for PTSD: Traumatic stressor: The patient has been exposed to a catastrophic event involving actual or threatened death or injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of the self or others. During expo...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
PTSD is a response to a profoundly disturbing event. It isn't clear why some people develop PTSD following a trauma and others do not, although experts suspect it may be influenced both by the severity of the event, by the person's personality and...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th edition (DSM-IV), specifies six diagnostic criteria for PTSD: Traumatic stressor: The patient has been exposed to a catastrophic event involving actual or threatened death or injury, ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Depression may be described as feeling sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, or down in the dumps. Most of us feel this way at one time or another for short periods. True clinical depression is a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, o...
Source:ADAM
Date:January 20, 2009
Depression, also known as depressive disorders or unipolar depression, is a mental illness characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness or despair and/or a loss of interest in things that once were pleasurable. Disturbance in slee...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Stress can come from any situation or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or anxious. What is stressful to one person is not necessarily stressful to another. Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension or fear. The source of this uneasiness i...
Source:ADAM
Date:December 15, 2008
Anxiety is a bodily response to a perceived threat or danger. It is triggered by a combination of biochemical changes in the body, the patient's personal history and memory, and the social situation. It is important to distinguish between anxiety ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Systematic desensitization is a technique used to treat phobias and other extreme or erroneous fears based on principles of behavior modification .
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Anxiety is a multisystem response to a perceived threat or danger. It reflects a combination of biochemical changes in the body, the patient's personal history and memory, and the social situation. As far as we know, anxiety is a uniquely human ex...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Anxiety is a multisystem response to a perceived threat or danger. It reflects a combination of biochemical changes in the body, the patient's personal history and memory , and the social situation at hand. Human anxiety involves an ability to use...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Anxiety is a condition of persistent and uncontrollable nervousness, stress, and worry that is triggered by anticipation of future events, memories of past events, or ruminations over day-to-day events, both trivial and major, with disproportionat...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
A condition of persistent nervousness, stress, and worry that is triggered by anticipation of future events, memories of past events, or ruminations about the self Stimulated by real or imagined dangers, anxiety affects people of all ages and soci...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
A nightmare is a dream occuring during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep that brings out feelings of strong fear, terror, distress, or extreme anxiety. Nightmares are usually in the latter part of the night and wake up the sleeper, who is able to rem...
Source:ADAM
Date:December 15, 2008
Nightmares are a type of sleep disruption, or parasomnia, characterized by frightening psychological content. Nightmares provoke a feeling of imminent physical danger with a sensation of being trapped or suffocated. These frightening dreams occur ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Nightmare disorder, which is also called dream anxiety disorder, is characterized by the occurrence of repeated dreams during which the sleeper feels threatened and frightened. The sense of fear causes the person to awake.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
A frightening dream that occurs during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Nightmares—frightening dreams—are the most common type of sleep disturbance in early childhood. They are distinguished from night terrors (pavor nocturnus), another childhood s...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
An emotional state produced by thoughts that we have not lived up to our ideal self and could have done otherwise. Guilt is both a cognitive and an emotional experience that occurs when the child realizes that he or she has violated a moral standa...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Emotions such as guilt, pride, shame, and hubris. Succeeding or failing to meet the standards, rules, and goals of one's group or society determines how well an individual forms relationships with other members of the group. Living up to one's own...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Irritability is an excessive response to stimuli.
Source:ADAM
Date:November 7, 2009
Agitation is an unpleasant state of extreme arousal, increased tension, and irritability.
Source:ADAM
Date:May 26, 2008
Depression or depressive disorders (unipolar depression) are mental illnesses characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness or despair and/or a loss of interest in things that were once pleasurable. Disturbance in sleep, appetite, ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Depression is sometimes referred to as the common cold of mental illness. It is a debilitating disease with significant societal costs. It is, however, one of the most clearly defined and treatable of mental illnesses. Technically, the term "depre...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Everybody feels sad sometimes, but to be clinically depressed is not just a matter of feeling sad. A patient with cancer is diagnosed as having major depression only if certain symptoms, such as loss of pleasure or thoughts of death, are present f...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
An emotional state or mood characterized by one or more of these symptoms: sad mood, low energy, poor concentration, sleep or appetite changes, feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness, and thoughts of suicide. Until recently, it was thought that...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Depression is the general name for a family of illnesses known as depressive disorders. Depression is an illness that affects not only the mood and thoughts, but also the physical functions of affected individuals. Depressive disorders usually res...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders Part I
Depression is the general name for a family of illnesses known as depressive disorders. Depression is an illness that affects not only the mood and thoughts, but also the physical functions of affected individuals. Depressive disorders usually res...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders Part II
Depression and depressive disorders (unipolar depression) are mental illnesses characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness or despair and/or a loss of interest in things that once were pleasurable. Disturbance in sleep , appetite...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
A depressive disorder is defined by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) as an illness that involves the body, mood and thoughts. It encompasses feelings of overwhelming sadness and despair that persist or intensify over time.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Depression or depressive disorders (unipolar depression) are mental illnesses characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness or despair and/or a loss of interest in things that were once pleasurable. Disturbance in sleep, appetite, ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Sleeping difficulty, called insomnia, can involve difficulty falling asleep when you first go to bed at night, waking up too early in the morning, and waking up often during the night.
Source:ADAM
Date:February 6, 2008
Fidgeting is usually used to describe someone who is seen as not being able to sit still. Fidgety people move in their seats constantly, move their hands and feet and appear to be in perpetual motion.
Source:Healthline
Date:September 30, 2007
The ability to concentrate is a function of mental status and cognition. Impairment of the ability to concentrate can be a problem of neurologic or psychiatric origin or a combination of behavior and mentation.
Source:Healthline
Date:October 31, 2007
A headache is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. Serious causes of headaches are extremely rare. Most people with headaches can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax, and occasionally by taking medicatio...
Source:ADAM
Date:October 27, 2009
A headache is a pain in the head and neck region that may be either a disorder in its own right or a symptom HEADACHE THERAPIES Description Type Acupressure Press pointer fingers beneath cheekbones and parallel to pupils (Stomach 3) for one minute...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
A headache involves pain in the head which can arise from many disorders or may be a disorder in and of itself.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
A headache involves pain in the head that can arise from many disorders or may be a disorder in and of itself.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Headache is a pain in the head and neck region that may be either a disorder in its own right or a symptom of an underlying medical condition or disease. The medical term for headache is cephalalgia. Headaches are one of the most common and univer...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Panic attacks, the hallmark of panic disorder , are discrete episodes of intense anxiety. Panic attacks can also be experienced by people with specific phobia, social phobia , or by people who have used or consumed certain substances, such as coca...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Fever is the temporary increase in the body's temperature, in response to some disease or illness. A child has a fever when their temperature is at or above one of these levels: 100.4 F (38 C) measured in the bottom (rectally; 99.5 F(37.5 C) measu...
Source:ADAM
Date:December 1, 2009
A fever is any body temperature elevation over 100.4°F (38°C).
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
A fever is any body temperature elevation over 100°F (37.8°C).
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Fever is defined as an abnormally high body temperature or a regulated rise to a new set point of body temperature. While a body temperature above 100°F(37.8°C) is considered to be a fever by some clinicians, a significant fever is usually defined...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
An elevated body temperature. While the standard for normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), normal body temperatures actually fluctuate within a range of one to two degrees, making it impossible to formulate a precise definition of fever based ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Normal body temperature varies somewhat from one individual to another but displays a general range and pattern around the "normal" temperature of 98.6°F. Early morning body temperature may be as low as 97°F, and as high as 99.3°F in the afternoon...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Hyperthermia is the use of therapeutic heat to treat various cancers on and inside the body.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Hyperthermia involves raising the body's core temperature as a means of eradicating tumors. The treatment simulates fever . Some therapies actually bring on fever through the introduction of fever-causing organisms, while others raise body tempera...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Dizziness is light-headedness, feeling like you might faint, being unsteady, loss of balance, or vertigo (a feeling that you or the room is spinning or moving. Most causes of dizziness are not serious and either quickly get better on their own or ...
Source:ADAM
Date:May 2, 2009
Dizziness is a general term that describes sensations of imbalance and unsteadiness, such as vertigo, mild turning, imbalance, and near fainting or fainting. Feelings of dizziness stem from the vestibular system, which includes the brain and the p...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
As a disorder, dizziness is classified into three categories—vertigo, syncope, and nonsyncope nonvertigo. Each category has a characteristic set of symptoms, all related to the sense of balance. In general, syncope is defined by a brief loss of co...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
As a disorder, dizziness is classified into three categories: vertigo, syncope, and nonsyncope nonvertigo. Each category has its own set of symptoms, all related to the sense of balance. In general, syncope is defined by a brief loss of consciousn...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Dizziness is classified into three categories—vertigo, syncope, and nonsyncope nonvertigo. Each category has a characteristic set of symptoms, all related to the sense of balance. In general, syncope is defined by a brief loss of consciousness (fa...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Palpitations are heartbeat sensations that feel like your heart is pounding or racing. You may simply have an unpleasant awareness of your own heartbeat, or may feel skipped or stopped beats. The heart's rhythm may be normal or abnormal. Palpitati...
Source:ADAM
Date:May 1, 2008
A sensation in which a person is aware of an irregular, hard, or rapid heartbeat.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness due to a drop in blood flow to the brain. The episode is brief (lasting less than a couple of minutes) and is followed by rapid and complete recovery. You may feel light-headed or dizzy before fainting...
Source:ADAM
Date:May 3, 2009
Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness, weakness of muscles, and inability to stand up, all caused by sudden loss of blood flow to the brain. Fainting is a relatively common symptom caused by a variety of problems relating to changes in blo...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Fainting is loss of consciousness caused by a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain. Known by the medical term "syncope," fainting may be preceded by dizziness , nausea, or a feeling of extreme weakness.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Syncope, or fainting, is a temporary loss of consciousness, usually caused by decreased blood flow to the brain . Syncope is a symptom, rather than a disease itself, and has many causes. The vasovagal faint, which usually occurs in young, otherwis...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Absent menstruation means no menstrual flow, or period. Absent menstruation may be: Primary - no menstruation before age 16; Secondary - menstruation begins at the appropriate age, but later stops for more than 3 cycles or 6 months. Absent menstru...
Source:ADAM
Date:June 26, 2008
Catatonia is a disturbance of motor behavior that can have either a psychological or neurological cause. Its most well-known form involves a rigid, immobile position that is held by a person for a considerable length of time— often days, weeks, or...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Catatonia is a condition marked by changes in muscle tone or activity associated with a large number of serious mental and physical illnesses. There are two distinct sets of symptoms that are characteristic of this condition. In catatonic stupor t...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Electrical impulses causes the heart to pump. Normally the impulse originates in the right upper chamber of the heart, called the right atrium. The electrical
Source:Healthline
Date:September 30, 2007
Sometimes a person feels hot to touch due to illness or environmental situation that causes elevated core temperature. A compounding factor can be dehydration (lack of fluids.
Source:Healthline
Apathy can be defined as an absence or suppression of emotion, feeling, concern or passion. Further, apathy is an indifference to things generally found to be exciting or moving.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
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