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The most common mechanism by which the lung is inoculated with pathogenic organisms is through microaspiration of oropharyngeal contents, a process that occurs in otherwise healthy individuals during sleep ( Chapter 82 ). Colonization of the oral pharynx with pathogenic organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae ( Chapter 303 ), can thereby lead to delivery of sufficient quantities of organisms to infect the lung.
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lung, and can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections. These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. Many different organisms can cause it, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.Pneumonia is a common illness that affects millions of people each year in the United States.Bacterial pneumonias tend to be the ...
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Detailed information on pneumonia, including different types, diagnosis, and treatment
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Introduction Pneumonia has been recognized as a disease entity since remote times, with definitions of the condition traceable in ancient Greek, Roman, and Arabic writings. Definitive recognition of the etiologic role of microorganisms in pneumonia, and the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae as the most common causative agent was only achieved roughly 120 years ago.
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Detailed information on pneumonia, types of pneumonia, diagnoses of pneumonia, pneumonia treatment
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Pneumonia is a serious lung infection. It's caused by germs, such as bacteria and viruses, and by certain types of fungi. Some people come in contact with pneumonia germs in the course of daily life, such as at school, work, or the gym. But others become infected during a stay in a hospital or long-term care facility. Though pneumonia can be dangerous for anyone, it's a special concern for people in healthcare settings. This sheet tells you more about healthcare-associated pneumonia and what hospitals are doing to control it.
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The actual incidence of pneumonia in ambulatory patients is difficult to estimate because the etiologic agent is rarely identified except in clinical trials, and CAP is not currently considered a reportable disease. Each year in the United States there are 2 to 3 million cases of CAP.
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The following Clinical Topic Tour provides an overview of pneumococcal pneumonia and was adapted by materials published by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the CDC.
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While pneumonia is still a serious illness, flu shots and the pneumococcal vaccine may help protect against it, particularly for older people or those at high risk of infection.
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Pneumocystis pneumonia is a lung infection that occurs primarily in people with weakened immune systems—especially people who are HIV-positive. The disease agent is an organism whose biological classification is still uncertain.
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Pneumonia is a serious infection of the lung that impairs breathing. Small air sacs in the lung(alveoli) become filled with pus, mucus or other fluid, and cannot supply oxygen to circulating blood.
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Pneumococcal pneumonia is a common but serious infection and inflammation of the lungs. It is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.The gram-positive, spherical bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae, is the cause of many human diseases, in...
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Eosinophilic pneumonia is a group of diseases in which there is an above normal number of eosinophils in the lungs and blood.Eosinophilia is an increase in the number of eosinophils. Eosinophilic pneumonia is characterized by a large number of eos...
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Chlamydial pneumonia refers to one of several types of pneumonia that can be caused by various types of the bacteria known as Chlamydia.Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. The air sacs(alveoli) and/or the tissues of the lungs become swollen, a...
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It results in an inflammatory response within the small air spaces of the...
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One of the most common pulmonary complications affecting cancer patients, pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening inflammation of one or both lungs.Serious side effects in cancer patients most often occur in the lungs and may indicate that the...
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lung that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections. These include bacteria, amoebae, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
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Those most at risk for pneumonia include the elderly, smokers, and people with chronic lung diseases.
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Pneumonia is a term that means lung infection. Though most children are able to get better at home with treatment from their doctor, pneumonia can be very serious and can require hospitalization.
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There is growing evidence of a link between gum disease and heart disease and pneumonia. Hospital patients on ventilators seem particularly vulnerable to pneumonia infections.
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Is pneumonia contagious?
Anthony Komaroff, M.D., is professor of medicine and editor-in-chief of Harvard Health Publications at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Komaroff also is senior physician and was formerly director of the Division of General Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Dr. Komaroff has served on various advisory committees to the federal government, and is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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I understand that there are several different types of pneumonia. Which ones does the vaccine cover?
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I have a relatively rare lung condition called organizing pneumonia. I understand the treatment will be large doses of corticosteroids. How are they administered for this condition?
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Tuberculosis(TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. It is caused by a bacterial microorganism, the tubercle bacillus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis(TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. It is caused by a bacterial microorganism: the tubercle bacillus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Detailed information on tuberculosis, including risks, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment
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Detailed information tuberculosis, tuberculosis symptoms, tuberculosis causes, tuberculosis diagnoses, tuberculosis treatment
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Detailed information on tuberculosis, including risks, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment
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Detailed information on tuberculosis, including risks, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment
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Detailed information on tuberculosis, including risks, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment
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What are the signs and symptoms of TB? Can the illness disappear after a time if left untreated? Can TB be missed on an X-ray?
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Tuberculosis(TB) is a contagious and potentially fatal disease that can affect almost any part of the body but manifests mainly as an infection of the lungs. It is caused by a bacterial microorganism, the tubercle bacillus or Mycobacterium tubercu...
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Tuberculosis is a chronic, infectious disease that primarily attacks the lungs.Tuberculosis(TB) is caused by a bacteria that primarily attacks the lungs. An individual may be"TB infected," meaning the bacteria are in the body but are in an inactiv...
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Detailed information on arthritis and other rheumatic disease, including symptom, cause, and members of the treatment team
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Detailed information on treatment for arthritis and other rheumatic diseases Unfortunately, there is no cure for rheumatic disease (with the exception of infectious arthritis, which can be cured with antibiotics if detected or diagnosed early). The goal of treatment is to limit pain and inflammation, while ensuring optimal joint function. Each treatment plan designed by a physician should be specifically tailored to the patients type of rheumatic disease, as well as the severity of the disease. Treatment plans often involve both short-term and long-term relief approaches, including the following:
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Detailed information on living with a rheumatic disease, including exercise, diet and weight management, and psychosocial coping
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Detailed information on the most common types of pediatric arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, including Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Fibromyalgia, Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatic Fever, Scleroderma, Septic Arthritis, Infectious Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Lupus, Vasculitis, Kawasaki Disease, and Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
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Detailed information on diagnosing arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, including the most commonly used laboratory tests and imaging techniques
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Detailed information on pediatric arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, including causes, symptoms, and members of the treatment team
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Detailed information on living with a rheumatic disease A child living with a rheumatic disease does not necessarily have to live a limited lifestyle. All the members of the family are affected by a child's diagnosis of rheumatic disease, so there must be an effort to maintain as normal a family activity pattern as possible. With proper management, a rheumatic disease may not have to hinder your child's daily activities over a long period of time.
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List of online resources to find additional information on pediatric arthritis and other rheumatic diseases
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Detailed information on pediatric arthritis and other rheumatic diseases Pediatric Arthritis & Other Rheumatic Diseases Home
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Detailed information on pediatric arthritis and other rheumatic diseases Topic Index
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Detailed information on treatment for arthritis and other rheumatic diseases Unfortunately, there is no cure for rheumatic diseases. The goal of treatment is often to limit pain and inflammation, while ensuring optimal joint function. Each treatment plan designed by a physician should be specifically tailored to the individual's type of rheumatic disease, as well as the severity of the condition. Treatment plans often involve both short-term and long-term relief approaches, including the following:
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Detailed information on diagnosing pediatric arthritis and other rheumatic diseases
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Glossary of terms relating to pediatric arthritis and other rheumatic diseases [back to top]
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Detailed information on the most common types of arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, bursitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, fibromyalgia, gout, infectious arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, lyme disease, low back pa
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List of online resources to find additional information on arthritis and other rheumatic diseases
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Detailed information on arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, including types, diagnosis, treatment, and living with the condition
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Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem, autoimmune, connective-tissue disorder with a broad range of clinical presentations. There is a peak age of onset in young women between their late teens and early 40s and women to men ratio of 9:1.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus(also called lupus or SLE) is a disease where a person''s immune system attacks and injures the body''s own organs and tissues. Almost every system of the body can be affected by SLE.The body''s immune system is a network ...
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Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder. It may affect the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs.Disseminated lupus erythematosus; SLE; Lupus; Lupus erythematosus.SLE(lupus) is an autoimmune disease.
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Detailed information on systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Detailed information on systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Detailed information on systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with protean clinical manifestations that may affect any organs or system. shows the 1997 revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the classification of SLE. The disease is characterized by flares, remissions and autoantibodies directed against several intracellular and cell-surface antigens.
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The following Clinical Topic Tour provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and was adapted from materials published by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
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Because most therapeutic interventions in patients with SLE are associated with significant undesirable side effects, the physician must first decide whether a patient needs treatment and, if so, whether conservative management is sufficient or aggressive immunosuppression is necessary. Figure 76-1 presents an algorithm for this decision making.
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Nearly all people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a positive (abnormal) ANA -- that is, the sensitivity of the ANA for SLE is quite high. That also means that it is very rare to have lupus with a negative (normal) ANA.
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My mother was diagnosed a few years ago with lupus (non-systemic). Can this turn into systemic lupus?
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Systemic lupus erythematosus(also called lupus or SLE) is a disease in which a person''s immune system attacks and injures the body''s own organs and tissues. Almost every system of the body can be affected.The body''s immune system is a network of c...
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Asbestosis is chronic, progressive inflammation of the lung. It is not contagious.Asbestosis is a consequence of prolonged exposure to large quantities of asbestos, a material once widely used in construction, insulation, and manufacturing.
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Asbestosis is a respiratory disease brought on by inhaling asbestos fibers.Pulmonary fibrosis- from asbestos exposure; Interstitial pneumonitis- from asbestos exposure.Inhaling asbestos fibers can cause scar tissue(fibrosis) to form inside the lun...
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Key Points Asbestos is the name given to a group of minerals that occur naturally in the environment as bundles of fibers (see Question 1).
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Mesothelioma is a rare cancer of the lining of the chest, the abdomen, or other tissues. It has become increasingly more frequent since 1900, however, paralleling the use of asbestos.
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Malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon cancerous tumor of the lining of the lung and chest cavity(pleura) or lining of the abdomen(peritoneum) that is typically due to long-term asbestos exposure.Long-term exposure to asbestos-- a fire-resistant ma...
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Pulmonary embolism is an obstruction of a blood vessel in the lungs, usually due to a blood clot, which blocks a coronary artery.Pulmonary embolism is a fairly common condition that can be fatal. According to the American Heart Association, an est...
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A pulmonary embolus is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by fat, air, a blood clot, or tumor cells.Venous thromboembolism; Lung blood clot; Blood clot- lung; Embolus; Tumor embolus.A pulmonary embolus is most often caused by a blood clot in a v...
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Detailed information on pulmonary embolism, including a description of a pulmonary embolism and the circulatory system, symptoms, risk factors, causes, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and 4 labeled, full-color anatomical illustrations
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Detailed information on pulmonary embolism, including a description of a pulmonary embolism and the circulatory system, symptoms, risk factors, causes, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and full-color anatomical illustrations
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An embolism is an obstruction in a blood vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matter that gets stuck while traveling through the bloodstream. The plural of embolism is emboli.Emboli have moved from the place where they were formed through t...
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