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Obesity Learning Center

Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; High blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke; Obstructive sleep apnea and other sleep disorders; Certain cancers, including breast and colon; Depression;
Source:ADAM
Date:October 15, 2009
As many as 85% of dieters who do not exercise on a regular basis regain their lost weight within two years. In five years, the figure rises to 90%. Repeatedly losing and regaining weight (yo-yo dieting) encourages the body to store fat and may inc...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
As many as 85% of dieters who do not exercise on a regular basis regain their lost weight within two years. In five years, the figure rises to 90%. Repeatedly losing and regaining weight (yo-yo dieting) encourages the body to store fat and may inc...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
As many as 85% of dieters who do not exercise on a regular basis regain their lost weight within two years. In five years, the figure rises to 90%. Repeatedly losing and regaining weight (yo yo dieting) encourages the body to store fat and may inc...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Obese and overweight children and adolescents are more likely to be obese or overweight as adults. According to the American Obesity Association, obese children aged 10 to 13 have a 70 percent chance of remaining obese for the rest of their lives....
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. See also: Gestational diabetes; Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes; Metabolic syndrome.
Source:ADAM
Date:May 20, 2009
Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood. Those with diabetes are at high risk for a number of complications. See also: Diabetes; Gestational diabetes; Metabolic syndrome; Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes.
Source:ADAM
Date:May 20, 2009
Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or when cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the cells of the body. Symptoms include fr...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that occurs during pregnancy . Like other forms of diabetes, GDM involves a defect in the way the body processes and uses sugars (glucose) in the diet. Gestational diabetes, however, has a number ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the body is not able to correctly process glucose for cell energy due to either an insufficient amount of the hormone insulin or a physical resistance to the insulin the body does produce. Without pr...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of diseases in which there is an elevated level of the sugar glucose, the body's main source of energy for cellular functions, in the blood. The level of glucose, as well as other "fuel" molecules, is increased ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders Part I
A serious disorder caused by an absence of or insufficient amount of insulin in the bloodstream. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas in varying amounts, depending on the concentration of glucose (sugar). When the pancreas is unable to se...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin action, insulin production, or both. Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, helps the body use and store glucose produced during the digestion of food. Charac...
Source:Gale Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z
Diabetes mellitus is a condition that occurs when either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body's cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced. In either case, glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed or used by the cells...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Gestational diabetes is a condition that occurs during pregnancy . Like other forms of diabetes, gestational diabetes involves a defect in the way the body processes and uses sugars (glucose) in the diet. Gestational diabetes, however, has a numbe...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Diabetes is the Greek term for "passing through," a phrase used to describe multiple diseases characterized by excessive urination. There are multiple forms of diabetes. The most frequently described is diabetes mellitus, a chronic disorder involv...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders Part II
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. CHD is also called coronary artery disease. See also: Angina; Heart attack; Unstable angina.
Source:ADAM
Date:April 23, 2009
Coronary artery disease is a narrowing or blockage of the arteries and vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients to the heart. It is caused by atherosclerosis , an accumulation of fatty materials on the inner linings of arteries. The resulting blo...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Coronary artery disease is a stenosis (narrowing) or blockage of the arteries and vessels that provide oxygenated blood to the heart . It is caused by atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), an accumulation of fatty plaque on the inner lining...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
The heart, a powerful muscle that beats over 50,000 times in one day, is fed the blood and energy it needs through small tubes called coronary arteries (see Figure 1). Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death and disability ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. Blood pressure readings are measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and usually given as two numbers. For example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg. The top number is your systoli...
Source:ADAM
Date:April 23, 2009
In populations, blood pressures fit a normal distribution, but the attendant risks of heart disease and stroke increase curvilinearly with increasing levels of blood pressure, without any obvious breakpoint ( Fig. 63-1 ). Thus, the separation of normal from high blood pressure is arbitrary, and the definition of hypertension has been a moving target.
Source:Elsevier
Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the artery walls as it travels through the body. Like air in a balloon, blood fills arteries to a certain capacity—and just as too much air pressure can cause damage to a balloon, too muc...
Source:Gale Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z
The following Clinical Topic Tour provides an overview of hypertension (HTN) and was adapted from materials published by the NHLBI.
Source:Elsevier
Also known as high blood pressure, a condition in which too much force is exerted by the blood as it travels through the body's arteries. There are two types of hypertension: primary and secondary. Primary, or essential, hypertension is caused by ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Hypertension is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, leading causes of morbidity and mortality in North America. Concern has been raised that there is inadequate outpatient detection, evaluation, and treatment of hypertension, and that this is resulting in increased hospital admissions with complications of untreated hypertension: heart failure, and end-stage renal disease .
Source:Elsevier
Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
The National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) was established in 1972 by the National Institute of Health to translate research results on the health hazards of high blood pressure into clinical and public health practice. Before 190...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's tissues.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's tissues.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Hypertension is high blood pressure . Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
The medical term for high blood cholesterol and triglycerides is lipid disorder. Such a disorder occurs when you have too many fatty substances in your blood. These substances include cholesterol and triglycerides.
Source:ADAM
Date:May 2, 2009
The term "hyperlipidemia" describes an extreme elevation in any of several lipid (fatty) substances in the bloodstream, as in conditions such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Most of these disorders cause an increased risk for ath...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Hypercholesterolemia refers to levels of cholesterol in the blood that are higher than normal.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Depression may be described as feeling sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, or down in the dumps. Most of us feel this way at one time or another for short periods. True clinical depression is a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, o...
Source:ADAM
Date:January 20, 2009
Depression, also known as depressive disorders or unipolar depression, is a mental illness characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness or despair and/or a loss of interest in things that once were pleasurable. Disturbance in slee...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Depression is sometimes referred to as the common cold of mental illness. It is a debilitating disease with significant societal costs. It is, however, one of the most clearly defined and treatable of mental illnesses. Technically, the term "depre...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack." See also: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
Source:ADAM
Date:July 29, 2009
The following Clinical Topic Tour provides an overview of stroke and was adapted from materials published by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Source:Elsevier
A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack." There are two major types of stroke: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. When a blood vessel that supplies blood to the br...
Source:ADAM
Date:July 24, 2009
Stroke is an increasing public health concern throughout the world as the leading cause of long-term disability. There is estimated to be over 3.5 million survivors of stroke in the United States.
Source:Elsevier
A stroke is an interruption of blood circulation to the brain causing a neurologic deficit reflecting the area of the brain affected. Stroke can be ischemic or hemorrhagic. 1 Ischemic stroke is most prevalent.
Source:Elsevier
A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
A stroke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. Stroke is the leading cause of disability among adults in the United States. It is the country's third leading cause of death. This article discusses recovery from stroke. H...
Source:ADAM
Date:July 29, 2009
There are various clinical and pathological subtypes of stroke, and identification of the subtype is necessary for correct management. Investigations Imaging Brain imaging should be performed within the first 48 hours of the onset of stroke (see below), to determine whether the stroke is haemorrhagic or ischaemic and to exclude other causes (e.g. tumour).
Source:Elsevier
Stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is the third leading cause of death (after heart disease and cancer) in the United States and the industrialized countries of the world. The term "stroke," which comes from subjects being suddenly "struck...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the medical term for what is commonly termed a stroke. It refers to the injury to the brain that occurs when flow of blood to brain tissue is interrupted by a clogged or ruptured artery, causing brain tissue to di...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
A stroke, also called a cerebral infarction, is a life-threatening condition marked by a sudden disruption in the blood supply to the brain.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
A stroke, also called a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), is the sudden death of cells in a specific area of the brain due to inadequate blood flow.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Stroke is the common name for the injury to the brain that occurs when the flow of blood to brain tissue is interrupted by a clogged or burst artery. Arterial blood carries oxygen and nutrition to the cells of the body. When arteries are unable to...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition in which a person has episodes of blocked breathing during sleep. This article discusses obstructive sleep apnea in adults. See also: Central sleep apnea; Sleep disorders.
Source:ADAM
Date:August 21, 2009
Sleep apnea is a condition in which breathing stops for more than 10 seconds during sleep. Sleep apnea is a major, though often unrecognized, cause of daytime sleepiness.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Sleep apnea is a condition in which breathing stops for more than ten seconds during sleep. Sleep apnea is a major, though often unrecognized, cause of daytime sleepiness. It can have serious negative effects on a person's quality of life, and is ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Sleep apnea, or sleep-disordered breathing, is a condition in which breathing is briefly interrupted or even stops episodically during sleep. Because repeated arousal or even full awakening when breathing stops disturbs sleep, individuals sufferin...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder.
Source:ADAM
Date:August 26, 2009
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disorder of the joints caused by gradual loss of cartilage that may result in the development of bony spurs and cysts at the margins of the joints. The name osteoarthritis comes from three Greek words meaning b...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Osteoarthritis (OA), which is also known as osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease (DJD), is a progressive disorder of the joints caused by gradual loss of cartilage and resulting in the development of bony spurs and cysts at the margins of ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of the joint's cartilage.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders Part II
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of the joint's cartilage.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders Part I
Osteoarthritis (OA), which is also known as osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease (DJD), is a progressive disorder of the joints caused by gradual loss of cartilage and resulting in the development of bony spurs and cysts at the margins of ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Osteoarthritis, which is also called degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, is primarily a disease that results from the breakdown and loss of cartilage in joints (e.g., knees, hips, wrists). Cartilage, a connective tissue that cove...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Fatty liver is the collection of excessive amounts of triglycerides and other fats inside liver cells.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast. There are two main types of breast cancer: Ductal carcinoma starts in the tubes (ducts) that move milk from the breast to the nipple. Most breast cancers are of this type; Lobular...
Source:ADAM
Date:December 1, 2008
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in American women, accounting for approximately 30 percent of their new cancer cases. It is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, following lung cancer. In the year 2000, it was estimated th...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Breast cancer is the abnormal growth and uncontrolled division of cells in the breast. Cancer cells invade and destroy surrounding normal tissue, and can spread throughout the body via blood or lymph fluid (clear fluid bathing body cells) to start...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Breast cancer is caused by the development of malignant cells in the breast. The malignant cells originate in the lining of the milk glands or ducts of the breast (ductal epithelium), defining this malignancy as a cancer. Cancer cells are characte...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal breast cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. It often shows up as a breast lump, breast thickening, or skin change.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders Part I
Breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal breast cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. It often shows up as a breast lump, breast thickening, or skin change.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders Part II
Breast cancer is caused by the development of malignant cells in the breast. The malignant cells originate in the lining of the milk glands or ducts of the breast (ductal epithelium), defining this malignancy as a cancer. Cancer cells are characte...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Breast cancer is the abnormal growth and uncontrolled division of cells in the breast. Cancer cells can invade and destroy surrounding tissue, and may metastasize (spread) throughout the body via blood or lymph fluid to other parts of the body.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Colon, or colorectal, cancer is cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon. Other types of cancer can affect the colon, such as lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, melanoma, and sarcomas. These are rare. In this arti...
Source:ADAM
Date:November 5, 2009
Colorectal cancer is a malignant neoplasm that affects the larger, lower portion of the intestinal tract. About two-thirds of such cancers occur in the colon, mainly in the sigmoid portion, and one-third occur in the rectum or at the recto-sigmoid...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Colorectal cancer is a malignancy of the colon (bowel) and/or rectum. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and is diagnosed in more than 130,000 new patients annually.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
The digestive system is made up of the esophagus (food pipe), stomach , and the small and large intestines. The upper 5–6 feet (1.5–1.8 m) of the large intestine is the colon, and the last 6–8 inches (15–20 cm) of the colon is the rectum. Colorect...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Gout is a form of acute arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints. It most commonly affects the big toe, but may also affect the heel, ankle, hand, wrist, or elbow. It affects the spine often enough to be a factor in lower back ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Gout is a form of acute arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints. It most commonly affects the big toe, but may also affect the heel, ankle, hand, wrist, or elbow. Gout usually comes on suddenly, goes away after 5–10 days, and ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Gout is a form of acute arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints. It most commonly affects the big toe, but may also affect the heel, ankle, hand, wrist, or elbow. Attacks of gout usually come on suddenly, stop after five to 10...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
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