Tuesday, February 14, 2012
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Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Learning Center

The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history. You will be asked if you smoke, and if so, how long you have smoked.
Source:ADAM
Date:September 14, 2009
Sputum analysis is a noninvasive test that involves microscopic examination of cells that are coughed up from the lungs. This test can diagnose at least 30% of lung cancers, even if tumors are not visible on chest x rays. In addition, the test can...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Physical examination and diagnostic tests The doctor will first take a detailed medical history and assess risk factors. During a complete physical examination the doctor will examine the patient's throat to rule out other possible causes of hoars...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
A chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and diaphragm.
Source:ADAM
Date:August 10, 2008
A chest x ray is a procedure used to evaluate organs and structures within the chest for symptoms of disease. Chest x rays include views of the lungs, heart, small portions of the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland and the bones of the chest ar...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
A chest x ray is a procedure used to evaluate organs and structures within the chest for symptoms of disease. Chest x rays include views of the lungs, heart, small portions of the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland, and the bones of the chest a...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery
A chest x ray is a procedure used to evaluate organs and structures within the chest for symptoms of disease. Chest x rays include views of the lungs , heart , small portions of the gastrointestinal tract, and the bones of the chest area. X rays a...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
The pleura is the membrane that lines the lungs and chest cavity. A pleural biopsy is the removal of pleural tissue for examination.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
The pleura is the membrane that lines the lungs and chest cavity. A pleural biopsy is the removal of pleural tissue for examination and eventual diagnosis.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
During a physical examination, a health care provider studies a patient's body to determine the presence or absence of physical problems. A typical physical examination includes: Inspection (looking at the body; Palpation (feeling the body with ha...
Source:ADAM
Date:February 23, 2009
The health status of populations and of individuals is assessed for many reasons. Assessing needs for care helps guide the allocation of resources— diagnostic assessments guide treatment, prognostic assessments contribute to planning, and assessin...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Mediastinoscopy with biopsy is a procedure in which a lighted instrument (mediastinoscope) is inserted through the neck to examine the structures in the top of the chest cavity, and a sample of tissue is taken.
Source:ADAM
Date:May 15, 2008
A chest tomogram is a picture of the chest area created by moving the x-ray machine in one direction while moving the recording film the other way. This method blurs structures in front of and behind the area of the chest being studied. This allow...
Source:ADAM
Date:August 10, 2008
Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is performed to diagnose a variety of symptoms, including vascular, cardiac, airway disease as well as cancers that can occur in the thoracic region of the body.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Bronchoscopy is a test to view the airways and diagnose lung disease. It may also be used during the treatment of some lung conditions.
Source:ADAM
Date:April 23, 2009
Bronchoscopy is a procedure in which a cylindrical fiberoptic scope is inserted into the airways. This scope contains a viewing device that allows the visual examination of the lower airways.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Bronchoscopy is a procedure in which a cylindrical fiberoptic scope is inserted into the airways. This scope contains a viewing device that allows the visual examination of the lower airways.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Bronchoscopy is a procedure in which a hollow, flexible tube called a bronchoscope is inserted into the airways through the nose or mouth to provide a view of the tracheobronchial tree. It can also be used to collect bronchial and/or lung secretio...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery
Bronchoscopy is a procedure in which a hollow, flexible tube is inserted into the airways (nose or mouth). The bronchoscope is inserted through the nose (or mouth) provides a view of the tracheobronchial tree and can be used to collect bronchial a...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
A lung needle biopsy is a method to remove a piece of lung tissue for examination.
Source:ADAM
Date:September 13, 2008
Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy is a procedure in which a thin, lighted tube (bronchoscope) is inserted through the nose or mouth to collect several pieces of lung tissue.
Source:ADAM
Date:September 13, 2008
Computed tomography (CT) is a process that images anatomic information from a cross-sectional plane of the body. Biopsy is the process of taking a sample of tissue from the body for analysis. CT is commonly used in biopsies to provide images that ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Cytology is the examination of individual cells and small clusters of cells, and may be used for the diagnosis and screening of diseases, including cancers. Cytology can also be referred to as cytopathology.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein normally found in the tissue of a developing baby in the womb. Blood levels of this protein disappear or become very low after birth. In adults, an abnormal amount of CEA may be a sign of cancer. A blood...
Source:ADAM
Date:August 1, 2009
The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test is a laboratory blood study. CEA is a substance which is normally found only during fetal development, but may reappear in adults who develop certain types of cancer .
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Sputum is a substance comprised of mucous, foreign matter, and saliva that is found in the lungs or bronchial tree. A sputum analysis is a group of tests performed in a laboratory on a sputum specimen obtained from a sick patient. A portion of the...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
A biopsy describes the procedure that is used to obtain a very small piece of the target tissue. For some tissues, like the lining of the cheek, cells can be obtained just by scrapping the tissue surface. Other samples are collected using forceps ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a piece of tissue and/or cells are removed to be examined under a microscope by a pathologist.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
A medical procedure used to diagnose a condition. Most biopsies involve taking a small piece of skin or muscle under a local anesthetic. When the cells to be analyzed are accessible by needle, the biopsy specimen may be removed with a hollow aspir...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Tumor markers are a group of proteins, hormones, enzymes, receptors, and other cellular products that are overexpressed (produced in higher than normal amounts) by malignant cells. Tumor markers are usually normal cellular constituents that are pr...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery
Endoscopy is a way of looking inside the body using a flexible tube that has a small camera on the end of it. This instrument is called an endoscope.
Source:ADAM
Date:February 23, 2009
A biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue for laboratory examination.
Source:ADAM
Date:November 11, 2008
Mediastinoscopy is a surgical procedure that allows physicians to view areas of the mediastinum, the cavity behind the breastbone that lies between the lungs. The organs in the mediastinum include the heart and its vessels, the lymph nodes, trache...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Mediastinoscopy is a surgical procedure that allows physicians to view areas of the mediastinum, the cavity behind the sternum (breastbone) that lies between the lungs. The organs in the mediastinum include the heart and its vessels, the lymph nod...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery
Mediastinoscopy is a surgical procedure that allows physicians to view areas of the mediastinum, the cavity behind the breastbone that lies between the lungs . The organs in the mediastinum include the heart and its vessels, the lymph nodes, trach...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Mediastinoscopy is a surgical procedure that allows physicians to view areas of the mediastinum, the cavity behind the breastbone that lies between the lungs. The organs in the mediastinum include the heart and its vessels, the lymph nodes, trache...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer) to look for disease in the body. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans, which reveal the structur...
Source:ADAM
Date:February 23, 2009
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly specialized imaging technique using short-lived radiolabeled substances to produce powerful images of the body's biological function.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
A heart positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer) to look for disease or poor blood flow in the heart. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans reveal ...
Source:ADAM
Date:February 4, 2009
A lung positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer) to look for disease in the lungs, especially lung cancer. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) sc...
Source:ADAM
Date:March 24, 2009
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive scanning technique that utilizes small amounts of radioactive positrons (positively charged particles) to visualize body function and metabolism .
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
The positron emission tomography ( PET ) unit is a device used to produce images of the body that reflect biochemical changes taking place in the body. Among the body imaging technologies used in medicine, the PET unit is characterized by its use ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive scanning technique that utilizes small amounts of radioactive positrons (positively charged particles) to visualize body function and metabolism.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive scanning technique that utilizes small amounts of radioactive positrons (positively charged particles) to visualize body function and metabolism.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly specialized imaging technique using short-lived radiolabeled substances to produce extremely high resolution images of the body's biological function.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a scanning technique used in conjunction with small amounts of radiolabeled compounds to visualize brain anatomy and function. A PET scan showing brain activity while patient recognizes faces—left sides at lef...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
This test measures the concentration of sodium in the blood.
Source:ADAM
Date:November 15, 2009
PTH stands for parathyroid hormone. It is a protein hormone released by the parathyroid gland. PTH is the most important regulator of the body's calcium and phosphorus levels. Release of PTH is controlled by the level of calcium in the blood. Low ...
Source:ADAM
Date:October 14, 2009
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) test is a blood test performed to determine the serum levels of a hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland in response to low blood calcium levels. PTH works together with vitamin D to maintain healthy bones. The par...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) test is a blood test performed to determine the serum levels of a hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland. The parathyroid glands are small paired glands located near the thyroid gland at the base of the neck. Most ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Pulmonary function tests are a group of tests that measure how well the lungs take in and release air and how well they move gases such as oxygen from the atmosphere into the body's circulation.
Source:ADAM
Date:October 14, 2009
Pulmonary function tests are a group of procedures that measure the function of the lungs, revealing problems in the way a patient breathes. The tests can determine the cause of shortness of breath and may help confirm lung diseases, such as asthm...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Pulmonary function tests are a group of procedures that measure how well the lungs are functioning.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Pulmonary function tests are a group of procedures that measure the function of the lungs , revealing problems in the way a patient breathes. These tests can determine the cause of shortness of breath and may help confirm the diagnosis of such lun...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Normal individuals have a large reserve in lung function that allows breathing capacity to increase at least twenty to thirty times during periods of vigorous physical activity. It is not the ability to breathe that normally limits maximum exercis...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive way to take pictures of the body. Unlike x-rays and computed tomographic (CT) scans, which use radiation, MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves. The MRI scanner contains the magnet. The magneti...
Source:ADAM
Date:October 29, 2008
MRI produces a map of hydrogen atoms distributed in the body. Hydrogen is the simplest element known, the most abundant in biological tissue, and one that can be magnetically polarized. It will align itself within a strong magnetic field, like the...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a unique and versatile medical imaging modality. Doctors can obtain highly refined images of the body's interior using MRI. By using strong magnetic fields and pulses of radio waves to manipulate the natural mag...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners rely on the principles of atomic nuclear-spin resonance. Using strong magnetic fields and radio waves, MRI collects and correlates deflections caused by atoms into images. MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the newest diagnostic medical imaging technologies that uses strong magnets and pulses of radio waves to manipulate the natural magnetic properties in the body to generate a visible image. In the field of...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the newest, and perhaps most versatile, medical imaging technology available. Doctors can get highly refined images of the body's interior without surgery, using MRI. By using strong magnets and pulses of radio ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses radio waves, a magnetic field, and a computer to generate images of the anatomy.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the newest, and perhaps most versatile, medical imaging technology available. Doctors can get highly refined images of the body's interior without surgery using MRI. By using strong magnets and pulses of ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test measures the amount of LDH in the blood. See also: LDH isoenzymes
Source:ADAM
Date:February 13, 2009
Lactate dehydrogenase, also called lactic dehydrogenase, or LDH, is an enzyme found in the cells of many body tissues, including the heart, liver, kidneys, skeletal muscle, brain, red blood cells, and lungs. It is responsible for converting muscle...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
A complete blood count (CBC) test measures the following: The number of red blood cells (RBCs; The number of white blood cells (WBCs; The total amount of hemoglobin in the blood; The fraction of the blood composed of red blood cells (hematocrit; T...
Source:ADAM
Date:August 10, 2008
One of the most commonly ordered clinical laboratory tests, a blood count, also called a complete blood count (CBC), is a basic evaluation of the cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) suspended in the liquid part of the blood (...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
A complete blood count (CBC) is a series of tests used to evaluate the composition and concentration of the cellular components of blood. It consists of the following tests: red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and platelet co...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
A complete blood count (CBC) is a series of tests used to evaluate the composition and concentration of the cellular components of blood. It consists of the following tests: red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and platelet co...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery
The clinical laboratory test that evaluates the three main cellular components of peripheral blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets) is called the "complete blood count" (CBC). It is used commonly to assess whether a patient is anemic (low r...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
A bone scan is an imaging test that shows areas of increased or decreased bone turnover (metabolism.
Source:ADAM
Date:November 2, 2009
A bone scan is a diagnostic imaging procedure used to evaluate abnormalities involving bones and joints. A radionuclide is injected intravenously, and its distribution in the skeletal system is analyzed to detect certain diseases or conditions.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
A bone scan is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate abnormalities involving bones and joints. A radioactive substance is injected intravenously, and the image of its distribution in the skeletal system is analyzed to detect certain diseases or ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Lymph node biopsy is a test in which a lymph node or a piece of a lymph node is removed for examination under a microscope. The lymphatic system is made up of lymph nodes connected by lymph vessels. The nodes produce white blood cells (lymphocytes...
Source:ADAM
Date:August 22, 2008
A lymph node biopsy is a procedure in which all or part of a lymph node is removed and examined to determine if there is cancer within the node. Lymph node biopsy is a procedure in which a sample of lymph node tissue is removed for laboratory anal...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
A lymph node biopsy is a procedure in which all or part of a lymph node is removed and examined to determine if there is cancer within the node.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
A computed tomography (CT) scan is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the body. See also: Cranial CT scan; Lumbosacral spine CT scan; Orbit CT scan; Thoracic CT scan.
Source:ADAM
Date:October 29, 2008
Computed tomography (also known as CT, CT scan, CAT, or computerized axial tomography) scans use x rays to produce precise cross-sectional images of anatomical structures.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Computed tomography scanning, also called CT scan, CAT scan, or computerized axial tomography, is a diagnostic tool that provides views of internal body structures using x rays. In the field of mental health, a CT scan may be used when a patient s...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Computed tomography (CT) scans are completed with the use of a 360-degree x-ray beam and computer production of images. These scans allow for cross-sectional views of body organs and tissues.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Computed tomography (CT), formerly referred to as computerized axial tomography (CAT), is a common diagnostic imaging procedure that uses x rays to generate images (slices) of the anatomy.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Computed tomography (CT) scanning is a valuable diagnostic tool that provides physicians with views of internal body structures. During a CT scan, multiple x rays are passed through the body, producing cross-sectional images, or "slices, " on a ca...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. In a health care setting, a machines sends are individual x-ray particles, called photons. These particles pass through the body. A computer or special film is used to record...
Source:ADAM
Date:August 15, 2008
Body positions in x-ray exams are based on body part, suspected defect or disease, and condition of the patient. The radiographer, also known as the x-ray tech or more formally as the radiologic technologist, uses standardized body positions in pe...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
X rays are electromagnetic radiation that differentially penetrates structures within the body and creates images of these structures on photographic film or a fluorescent screen. These images are called diagnostic x rays.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
X rays are a type of radiation used in imaging andtherapy that uses short wavelength energy beams capable of penetrating most substances except heavy metals.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
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