An accident or mutation in genetic development may cause retardation. An example of such a mutation is the development of an extra chromosome 21 that causes Down syndrome. Shown here is a chart (karyotype) showing the 22 chromosome pairs, and in pair 21, three chromosomes (instead of two) are shown. (Phototake/NYC. Reproduced by permission.) See color insert for color version of photo.
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- Mental retardation