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Complications could include:
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Secondary dysmenorrhea
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Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues.Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells.
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Anemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin.The tissues of the human body need a regular supply of oxygen to stay healthy. Red blood cells, which contain hemoglobin that allows them to deli...
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Anemia is characterized by an abnormally low number of red blood cells in the circulating blood. It frequently affects patients with cancer.
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Anemia is a blood disorder characterized by abnormally low levels of healthy red blood cells(RBCs) or reduced hemoglobin(Hgb), the iron-bearing protein in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Reduced blood cell volu...
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Anemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin(the component of red blood cells that delivers oxygen to tissues throughout the body).The tissues of the human body need a regular supply of oxyg...
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Anemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin(the component of red blood cells that delivers oxygen to tissues throughout the body).The tissues of the human body need a regular supply of oxyg...
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Deficiency of red cells, or hemoglobin, in the blood.Anemia is a medical condition in which the quantity of red blood cells falls below an acceptable level. Red blood cells, produced in the bone marrow, contain hemoglobin, the component of blood t...
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Anemia affects more than 30 percent of the world''s population, and it is one of the most important worldwide health problems. It has a significant prevalence in both developing and industrialized nations.
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Bleeding refers to the loss of blood. Bleeding can happen inside the body(internally) or outside the body(externally).
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Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure.Blood pressure readings are measured in millimeters of mercury(mmHg) and usually given as two numbers. For example, 120 over 80(written as 120/80 mmHg).The top number is your systolic p...
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In populations, blood pressures fit a normal distribution, but the attendant risks of heart disease and stroke increase curvilinearly with increasing levels of blood pressure, without any obvious breakpoint ( Fig. 63-1 ). Thus, the separation of normal from high blood pressure is arbitrary, and the definition of hypertension has been a moving target.
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The lower number is the diastolic pressure, which is the pressure when the heart is filling or relaxing before the next beat. Normal blood pressure for an adult is 120/70(on average), but normal for an individual varies with the height, weight, fi...
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The following Clinical Topic Tour provides an overview of hypertension (HTN) and was adapted from materials published by the NHLBI.
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Primary, or essential, hypertension is caused by external factors; secondary hypertension is related to an underlying disorder, such as a congenital heart defect or kidney disease. Factors that increase the risk of high blood pressure include age(...
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Hypertension is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, leading causes of morbidity and mortality in North America. Concern has been raised that there is inadequate outpatient detection, evaluation, and treatment of hypertension, and that this is resulting in increased hospital admissions with complications of untreated hypertension: heart failure, and end-stage renal disease .
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Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them.
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The National High Blood Pressure Education Program(NHBPEP) was established in 1972 by the National Institute of Health to translate research results on the health hazards of high blood pressure into clinical and public health practice. Before 1900...
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Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries.
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Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them.
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Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them.As blood flows through arteries it pushes against the inside of the artery walls.
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Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure, is a life-threatening condition in which the heart can no longer pump enough blood to the rest of the body.Heart failure is almost always a chronic, long-term condition, although it can sometime...
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Pericarditis is a condition in which the sac-like covering around the heart(pericardium) becomes inflamed.Pericarditis is usually a complication of viral infections, most commonly echovirus or coxsackie virus. Less frequently, it is caused by infl...
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Pericarditis is an inflammation of the two layers of the thin, sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart. This membrane is called the pericardium, so the term pericarditis means inflammation of the pericardium.Pericarditis is fairly common.
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Peripheral neuropathy is a problem with the nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord. This can produce pain, loss of sensation, and an inability to control muscles.Peripheral neuritis; Neuropathy- peripheral; Neuritis- p...
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Peripheral neuropathy is a condition involving the nerves of the peripheral portion of the nervous system. Neurobiologists describe the peripheral nervous system as any part of that system found in the arms or legs.
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The term peripheral neuropathy encompasses a wide range of disorders in which the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord—peripheral nerves—have been damaged. Peripheral neuropathy may also be referred to as peripheral neuritis, or...
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The brain, in turn, sends messages back to those areas. With peripheral neuropathy, damage has occurred to the nerves that connect peripheral portions of the body, and the patient feels pain or numbness.Peripheral neuropathy is not usually conside...
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A peptic ulcer is erosion in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, an area called the duodenum.If the peptic ulcer is located in the stomach it is called a gastric ulcer.Ulcer- peptic; Ulcer- duodenal; Ulcer- gastric;...
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In general, an ulcer is any eroded area of skin or a mucous membrane, marked by tissue disintegration. In common usage, however, ulcer is usually used to refer to disorders in the upper digestive tract.
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A break of any size is called a fracture. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open fracture(compound fracture).A stress fracture is a hairline crack in the bone that develops because of repeated or prolonged forces against the b...
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A fracture is a complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force. An injury may be classified as a fracture-dislocation when a fracture involves the bony structures of any joint with associated dislocation o...
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A fracture is a complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force.A fracture usually results from traumatic injury to bones causing the continuity of bone tissues or bony cartilage to be disrupted or broken. ...
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A fracture is a complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force.A fracture usually results from traumatic injury to a bone, causing the continuity of bone tissues or bony cartilage to be disrupted or broken...
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A fracture is a crack or break in a bone. It results from the application of excessive force through injuries, such as a fall or a hard blow.Up to the age of 50, more men suffer from fractures than women because of occupational hazards.
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Primary infertility describes couples who have never been able to become pregnant after at least 1 year of unprotected sex(intercourse).Secondary infertility describes couples who have been pregnant at least once, but have not been able to become ...
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Infertility is the failure to conceive a pregnancy after attempting for at least one full year. In primary infertility, pregnancy has never occurred.
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Infertility is the failure of a couple to conceive a pregnancy after trying to do so for at least one full year. In primary infertility, pregnancy has never occurred.
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Infertility is the failure of a couple to conceive a pregnancy after trying to do so for at least one full year. In primary infertility, pregnancy has never occurred.
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Cardiac tamponade is the compression of the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the myocardium(the muscle of the heart) and the pericardium(the outer covering sac of the heart).In this condition, blood or fluid col...
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Cardiac tamponade occurs when the heart is squeezed by fluid that collects inside the sac that surrounds it.The heart is surrounded by a sac called the pericardium. When this sac becomes filled with fluid, the liquid presses on the heart, preventi...
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A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy.(Pregnancy losses after the 20th week are called preterm deliveries.).A miscarriage may also be called a"spontaneous abortion."
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A miscarriage is the loss of an embryo or fetus before the twentieth week of pregnancy. A pregnancy loss after the twentieth week is called a stillbirth.According to the December 1999 news release from the U.S. government''s National Center for Hea...
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Although it may be psychologically difficult, if a woman has a miscarriage at home she should try to collect any material she passes in a clean container for analysis in a laboratory. This may help determine why the miscarriage occurred.An incompl...
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Itching is a tingling or irritation of the skin that makes you want to scratch the affected area.Itching may occur all over the whole body(generalized) or only in one location(localized).Aging skin Atopic dermatitis Contact dermatitis( poison ivy ...
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Itching is an intense, distracting irritation or tickling sensation that may be felt all over the skin''s surface or confined to just one area. The medical term for itching is pruritus.Itching leads most people instinctively to scratch the affected...
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Itching, also called pruritus, is an unpleasant sensation of the skin that causes a person to scratch or rub the area to find relief. Itching can be confined to one spot(localized) or over the whole body(generalized).
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Itching is an intense, distracting irritation or tickling sensation that may be felt all over the skin''s surface or confined to just one area. The medical term for itching is pruritus.Itching instinctively leads most people to scratch the affected...
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Itching is an intense, distracting irritation or tickling sensation that may be felt all over the skin''s surface, or confined to just one area. The medical term for itching is"pruritus.".Itching instinctively leads most people to scratch the affec...
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Gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding refers to any bleeding that starts in the gastrointestinal tract, which extends from the mouth to the anus.The amount of bleeding can range from nearly undetectable to acute, massive, and life threatening.Bleeding may...
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GI bleeding studies uses radioactive materials in the investigation of bleeding from the gastrointestinal(GI) tract. These studies go under various names such as"GI bleeding scans" or"Tagged red blood cell scans."
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End-stage kidney disease is the complete, or almost complete failure of the kidneys to function. The kidneys can no longer remove wastes, concentrate urine, and regulate electrolytes.Renal failure- end stage; Kidney failure- end stage; ESRD.End-st...
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Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when your blood sugar(glucose) is too low.Your body''s sugar(glucose) is used up too quickly Glucose is released into the bloodstream too slowly Too much insulin is released into the bloodstream.Insulin is a ...
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Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by low blood sugar, or abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood.Hypoglycemia(also known as a hypo, insulin shock, and a low) is brought on by abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood(i.e., 70 mg/...
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The condition called hypoglycemia is literally translated as low blood sugar. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar(or blood glucose) concentrations fall below a level necessary to properly support the body''s need for energy and stability throughou...
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Hypoglycemia, or abnormally low blood sugar, is caused by the impaired response(or failure) of the liver to release glucose as blood sugar levels decrease. The imbalance in the rate of glucose released from the liver and its use by other body tiss...
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Hypoglycemia, or insulin shock, is brought on by abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood. The condition is common among individuals with diabetes mellitus who are administering their own insulin injections.
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Hyperkalemia is a condition caused by higher than normal levels of potassium in the bloodstream.Potassium is involved in regulating muscle tissue, and is part of digestion, metabolism, and homeostasis(maintaining a balance between the many electri...
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Hyperkalemia refers to serum or plasma levels of potassium ions above 5.0 mM. The concentration of potassium is often expressed in units of milliequivalents per liter(mEq/L), rather than in units of millimolarity(mM).
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There are numerous joints in the body that act to stabilize and control bony segments. One example is the knee joint, which joins the femur and tibia.
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When they do this, the platelets trigger a series of chemical changes that result in the formation of a blood clot. There are certain hereditary disorders that affect platelet function and impair their ability to start the process of blood clot fo...
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Hyponatremia is a metabolic condition in which there is not enough sodium in the body fluids outside the cells.Dilutional hyponatremia; Euvolemic hyponatremia; Hypervolemic hyponatremia; Hypovolemic hyponatremia.Sodium circulates in the body fluid...
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Hyponatremia occurs when sodium falls below 130 mM. Plasma sodium levels of 125 mM or less are dangerous and can result in seizures and coma.Sodium is an atom, or ion, that carries a single positive charge.
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