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Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy penetrating radiation(x rays, gamma rays, proton rays, and neutron rays) to kill cancer cells.The primary purpose of radiotherapy is to eliminate or shrink localized cancers. It is also sometimes used to trea...
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Radiation and radioisotopes are extensively used medications to allow physicians to image internal structures and processes in vivo(in the living body) with a minimum of invasion to the patient. Higher doses of radiation are also used as means to ...
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Ultraviolet radiation(UVR) comprises a spectrum of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths, subdivided for convenience into three bands, which are measured in nanometers(nm):(1) UVA("black light"), 315 to 400 nm;(2) UVB, 280 to 315 nm; and(...
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Nonionizing radiation, in contrast to ionizing radiation, is electromagnetic radiation that does not have sufficient energy to remove electrons from an atom or molecules to form an ion(or charged particle) during a collision. Instead, it imparts e...
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Electromagnetic waves of extremely short wavelength(X-rays and gamma rays) and accelerated atomic particles(such as electrons, protons, neutrons, and alpha particles) deposit enough localized energy in an absorbing medium to dislodge electrons fro...
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What kind of radiation causes thyroid cancer? What about microwave ovens and dental x-rays?
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My father had a pacemaker implanted five years ago. He wants to purchase a new 5.8 GHz cordless phone. I have heard the cellular phones have had some interference with pacemakers; is this also true of digital cordless phones at this frequency?
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Can a breast that has undergone radiation treatment for cancer be biopsied in the future, if necessary?
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Can radiation treatments for prostate cancer damage the bladder, causing it to bleed 10 years after the radiation?
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Radiation is a way of treating cancer. Radiation uses beams of energy to destroy cancer cells. With each dose, the tumor gets smaller. The cancer cells die and healthy cells take their place. Radiation may be used alone or with chemotherapy, and may be done before or after surgery.
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According to recent reports, the radiation used during a heart stress test can set off security alarms used in buildings and airports.
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burns affect only the outer layer of the skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling.
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Children are most commonly burned by scalding liquids in the kitchen or bathroom. Fire is the second most common cause of burns.Burns are classified as first, second, or third-degree according to their severity.First-degree burns damage only the o...
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Detailed information on burns, burn types, classification of burns, burn treatment, and burn rehabilitation
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What is the difference between first-, second-, and third-degree burns?First-degree burns involve red skin, mild swelling, and some pain.
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Burns are injuries to tissues that are caused by heat, friction, electricity, radiation, or chemicals.Burns are characterized by degree, based on the severity of the tissue damage. A first-degree burn causes redness and swelling in the outermost l...
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Detailed information on burns, burn types, classification of burns, and burn treatment
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Detailed information on burns, burn types, classification of burns, and burn treatment
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Detailed information on burns, burn types, classification of burns, and burn treatment
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Detailed information on the most common types of burns, including thermal, radiation, chemical, and electrical
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Burns are injuries to the tissues caused by heat, friction, electricity, radiation, or chemicals. Such injuries cause the breakdown of body proteins, death of cells, loss of body fluids, and edema.Burns vary depending on the cause, the intensity, ...
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Detailed information on chemical burns of the eye, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Statistical information relating to burn injury According to the latest data available from the National SAFE KIDS Campaign, consider the following statistics:
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Detailed information on chemical burns of the eye, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Detailed information on a heat-induced or thermal burn A heat-induced or thermal burn can occur when the skin comes in contact with any heat source, such as a cooking pan, an iron, a fire, a hot surface or a hot, scalding liquid.
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Detailed information on electrical burns Electrical burns occur when there is contact with an electricity, either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).
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Detailed information on chemical burns Chemical burns can occur when strong acids or alkalies come in contact with the skin and/or the eyes.
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Detailed information on the classification and treatment of burns Burns are classified as first-, second-, or third-degree, depending on how deep and severe they penetrate the skin's surface.
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Burns are injuries to tissues caused by heat, friction, electricity, radiation, or chemicals.Burns are characterized by degree, based on the severity of the tissue damage. A first-degree burn causes.
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Detailed information on emergency treatment of a burn injury Burn injuries require emergency clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are several different types of burn injuries, for which we have provided a brief overview.
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Detailed information on burns, including anatomy, classification, treatment, and prevention
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Statistical information relating to burn injury According to the latest data available from the National SAFE KIDS Campaign and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), consider the following statistics:
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List of online resources to find additional information on burns This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your physician. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your physician with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your child's condition.
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Glossary of terms relating to burns [back to top] [back to top] [back to top] chemical burns - burns due to strong acids or alkalies coming into contact with the skin and/or eyes.
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Burns are injuries to tissues caused by heat, friction, electricity, radiation, or chemicals.
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Detailed information on burns, including anatomy, classification, treatment, and prevention
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Detailed information on first-degree burns, including causes, symptoms, and treatment
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Detailed information on third-degree burns, including causes, symptoms, and treatment
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Detailed information on second-degree burns, including causes, symptoms, and treatment
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Detailed information on preventing burn injuries During the last 20 years, fatalities and injuries from burns and fires have decreased significantly. This decrease can be attributed to heightened public awareness of fire prevention, as well as safer manufacturing of many consumer products.
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Detailed information for helping your child if he/she has difficulty adjusting following a burn injury
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Detailed information on nutrition and burns A child who has been burned needs a diet higher in calories and proteins to help him/her heal and grow. Your child may have an intravenous (IV) for extra fluids when he/she first comes to the hospital. When your child is more alert and is feeling better, he/she can start to eat.
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Should a burn be covered with a band-aid or other bandage?
Mary Pickett, M.D., is a lecturer for Harvard Medical School and an assistant professor of medicine at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, OR. At OHSU, she practices general internal medicine and teaches medical residents and students.
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Scleroderma is a widespread connective tissue disease that involves changes in the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs.CREST syndrome; Progressive systemic sclerosis; Systemic sclerosis; Localized scleroderma.The cause of scleroderma...
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Scleroderma is a progressive disease that affects the skin and connective tissue(including cartilage, bone, fat, and the tissue that supports the nerves and blood vessels throughout the body). There are two major forms of the disorder.
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Detailed information on scleroderma, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Scleroderma is a progressive disease that affects the skin and connective tissue(including cartilage, bone, fat, and the tissue that supports the nerves and blood vessels throughout the body). There are two major forms of the disorder.
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Scleroderma is a progressive disease that affects the skin and connective tissue(including cartilage, bone, fat, and the tissue that supports the nerves and blood vessels throughout the body). There are two major forms of the disorder.
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Detailed information on scleroderma, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Leprosy is an infectious disease that has been known since biblical times. It is characterized by disfiguring skin sores, nerve damage, and progressive debilitation.Leprosy is caused by the organism Mycobacterium leprae.
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Leprosy is a slowly progressing bacterial infection that affects the skin, peripheral nerves in the hands and feet, and mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and eyes. Destruction of the nerve endings causes the the affected areas to lose sensation.
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Evidence of leprosy(Hansen''s disease) has been detected in prehistoric human remains, and the disease has been described in Biblical and other historical records dating as far back as the 2nd millennium B.C.E. It was a feared disease, and its vict...
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Dehydration means your body does not have as much water and fluids as it should. Dehydration can be caused by losing too much fluid, not drinking enough water or fluids, or both.
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Dehydration happens very quickly in the bodies of infants and small children, who don't have as much fluid to spare. It can quickly become very serious. Rehydration is the crucial process of returning those fluids back to the body to restore normal functioning.
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The average adult has 10 to 12 gallons of water in his or her body, accounting for 60 percent of body weight. That water plays a critical role in nearly every bodily process. And being a quart or two low can affect how you feel.
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Detailed information on dehydration and heat stroke, including symptoms, treatment, and prevention
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Can dehydration cause headaches?
Howard LeWine, M.D., is chief editor of Internet Publishing at Harvard Health Publications. He is recognized as an outstanding clinician and teacher and is a recipient of the Internal Medicine Teacher of the Year award at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Dr. LeWine continues to practice Internal Medicine; most recently he became a hospitalist after practicing primary care for over 20 years.
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Dehydration is the excessive loss of water from body tissues accompanied by an imbalance in essential electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride.Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. Dehydration can be caus...
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Dehydration is the loss of water and salts essential for normal body function.Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This condition can result from illness; a hot, dry climate; prolonged exposure to sun or high tempera...
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Dehydration is the loss of water and salts that are essential for normal body function.Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. Dehydration can upset the delicate fluid-salt balance needed to maintain healthy cells and t...
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Dehydration is the excessive loss of water from the body. Water can be lost through urine, sweat, feces, respiration, and through the skin.
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each year thousands of concert- and festivalgoers are injured because of crowd problems—stampedes or even dehydration.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder. It may affect the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs.Disseminated lupus erythematosus; SLE; Lupus; Lupus erythematosus.SLE(lupus) is an autoimmune disease.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus(also called lupus or SLE) is a disease where a person''s immune system attacks and injures the body''s own organs and tissues. Almost every system of the body can be affected by SLE.The body''s immune system is a network ...
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Detailed information on systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem, autoimmune, connective-tissue disorder with a broad range of clinical presentations. There is a peak age of onset in young women between their late teens and early 40s and women to men ratio of 9:1.
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Detailed information on systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Detailed information on systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with protean clinical manifestations that may affect any organs or system. shows the 1997 revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the classification of SLE. The disease is characterized by flares, remissions and autoantibodies directed against several intracellular and cell-surface antigens.
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The following Clinical Topic Tour provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and was adapted from materials published by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
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My mother was diagnosed a few years ago with lupus (non-systemic). Can this turn into systemic lupus?
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Nearly all people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a positive (abnormal) ANA -- that is, the sensitivity of the ANA for SLE is quite high. That also means that it is very rare to have lupus with a negative (normal) ANA.
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Because most therapeutic interventions in patients with SLE are associated with significant undesirable side effects, the physician must first decide whether a patient needs treatment and, if so, whether conservative management is sufficient or aggressive immunosuppression is necessary. Figure 76-1 presents an algorithm for this decision making.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus(also called lupus or SLE) is a disease in which a person''s immune system attacks and injures the body''s own organs and tissues. Almost every system of the body can be affected.The body''s immune system is a network of c...
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Heat emergencies fall into three categories of increasing severity: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke.Heat illnesses are easily preventable by taking precautions in hot weather.Children, elderly, and obese people have a higher risk of d...
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Detailed information on dehydration and heat stroke, including symptoms, treatment, and prevention
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Detailed information on dehydration and heat stroke, including symptoms, treatment, and prevention
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The four most common heat-related emergencies are cramps, fainting, exhaustion, and heat strokes. These illnesses occur when the body can no longer cool itself properly.
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Even if you're fairly well conditioned, overdoing it may lead to heat cramps, heat exhaustion or heatstroke, causing the body to lose its ability to sweat.
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Sjogren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the glands that produce tears and saliva are destroyed. The condition may affect many different parts of the body, including the kidneys and lungs.Xerostomia-Sjogren syndrome; Keratoconjunctiviti...
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Sjögren''s syndromeDefinition Sjögren''s syndrome is a disorder where the mouth and eyes become extremely dry. Sjögren''s syndrome is often associated with other autoimmune disorders.
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Sjögren''s syndromeDefinition Sjögren''s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the mouth and eyes become extremely dry. Sjögren''s syndrome is often associated with other autoimmune disorders.
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Description Sjögren''s syndrome is an autoimmune disease, which means that the immune system has mounted an attack against specific tissues of the body. For example, most patients with Sjögren''s syndrome carry antibodies to molecules fou...
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Anticholinergics are a class of medications that inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are re...
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