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The most common mechanism by which the lung is inoculated with pathogenic organisms is through microaspiration of oropharyngeal contents, a process that occurs in otherwise healthy individuals during sleep ( Chapter 82 ). Colonization of the oral pharynx with pathogenic organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae ( Chapter 303 ), can thereby lead to delivery of sufficient quantities of organisms to infect the lung.
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lung, and can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections. These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. Many different organisms can cause it, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.Pneumonia is a common illness that affects millions of people each year in the United States.Bacterial pneumonias tend to be the ...
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Detailed information on pneumonia, including different types, diagnosis, and treatment
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Introduction Pneumonia has been recognized as a disease entity since remote times, with definitions of the condition traceable in ancient Greek, Roman, and Arabic writings. Definitive recognition of the etiologic role of microorganisms in pneumonia, and the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae as the most common causative agent was only achieved roughly 120 years ago.
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Detailed information on pneumonia, types of pneumonia, diagnoses of pneumonia, pneumonia treatment
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Pneumonia is a serious lung infection. It's caused by germs, such as bacteria and viruses, and by certain types of fungi. Some people come in contact with pneumonia germs in the course of daily life, such as at school, work, or the gym. But others become infected during a stay in a hospital or long-term care facility. Though pneumonia can be dangerous for anyone, it's a special concern for people in healthcare settings. This sheet tells you more about healthcare-associated pneumonia and what hospitals are doing to control it.
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The actual incidence of pneumonia in ambulatory patients is difficult to estimate because the etiologic agent is rarely identified except in clinical trials, and CAP is not currently considered a reportable disease. Each year in the United States there are 2 to 3 million cases of CAP.
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The following Clinical Topic Tour provides an overview of pneumococcal pneumonia and was adapted by materials published by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the CDC.
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While pneumonia is still a serious illness, flu shots and the pneumococcal vaccine may help protect against it, particularly for older people or those at high risk of infection.
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It results in an inflammatory response within the small air spaces of the...
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Pneumonia is a serious infection of the lung that impairs breathing. Small air sacs in the lung(alveoli) become filled with pus, mucus or other fluid, and cannot supply oxygen to circulating blood.
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Eosinophilic pneumonia is a group of diseases in which there is an above normal number of eosinophils in the lungs and blood.Eosinophilia is an increase in the number of eosinophils. Eosinophilic pneumonia is characterized by a large number of eos...
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Pneumococcal pneumonia is a common but serious infection and inflammation of the lungs. It is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.The gram-positive, spherical bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae, is the cause of many human diseases, in...
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Pneumocystis pneumonia is a lung infection that occurs primarily in people with weakened immune systems—especially people who are HIV-positive. The disease agent is an organism whose biological classification is still uncertain.
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One of the most common pulmonary complications affecting cancer patients, pneumonia is a potentially life-threatening inflammation of one or both lungs.Serious side effects in cancer patients most often occur in the lungs and may indicate that the...
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lung that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections. These include bacteria, amoebae, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
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Chlamydial pneumonia refers to one of several types of pneumonia that can be caused by various types of the bacteria known as Chlamydia.Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. The air sacs(alveoli) and/or the tissues of the lungs become swollen, a...
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Is pneumonia contagious?
Anthony Komaroff, M.D., is professor of medicine and editor-in-chief of Harvard Health Publications at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Komaroff also is senior physician and was formerly director of the Division of General Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Dr. Komaroff has served on various advisory committees to the federal government, and is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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I have a relatively rare lung condition called organizing pneumonia. I understand the treatment will be large doses of corticosteroids. How are they administered for this condition?
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I understand that there are several different types of pneumonia. Which ones does the vaccine cover?
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Pneumonia is a term that means lung infection. Though most children are able to get better at home with treatment from their doctor, pneumonia can be very serious and can require hospitalization.
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Those most at risk for pneumonia include the elderly, smokers, and people with chronic lung diseases.
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There is growing evidence of a link between gum disease and heart disease and pneumonia. Hospital patients on ventilators seem particularly vulnerable to pneumonia infections.
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A urinary tract infection, or UTI, is an infection that can happen anywhere along the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the:.Bladder Kidneys Ureters-- the tubes that take urine from each kidney to the bladder Urethra-- the tube that emptie...
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Detailed information on urinary tract infections, including causes, symptom, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
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Women can get different kinds of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Knowing which kind of infection you have may help you prevent future UTIs.
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Men can get different kinds of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Knowing which kind of infection you have may help you prevent future UTIs.
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New research shows cranberry juice might help prevent urinary tract infections, but taking cranberry juice extract pills may be better in the long run.
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If a woman has a UTI, should her partner be evaluated as well?
James S. Winshall, M.D., is an associate physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital. In addition to his role as senior editor at Harvard Health Publications, Dr. Winshall practices general internal medicine and is an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.
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Detailed information on urinary tract infections, including causes, symptom, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
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Detailed information on urinary tract infections, including causes, symptom, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
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Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is the result of physical trauma to the head causing damage to the brain. This damage can be focal, or restricted to a single area of the brain, or diffuse, affecting more than one region of the brain.
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Detailed information on acquired brain injury, including types, causes, and rehabilitation
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A fluid imbalance occurs when the level of body fluids is abnormal.Many illnesses can cause fluid imbalance. A fluid imbalance also can occur after any type of surgery.It is common to retain large amounts of fluid for several days after surgery(ca...
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