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Crohn's Disease Health Channel

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Crohn's disease

Definition

Crohn's disease is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which involves ongoing (chronic) inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn's-related inflammation usually affects the intestines, but may occur anywhere from the mouth to the anus (the end of the rectum).

See also: Ulcerative colitis

Alternative Names

Inflammatory bowel disease - Crohn's disease; Regional enteritis; Ileitis; Granulomatous ileocolitis

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

While the exact chain of events that lead to Crohn's disease is unknown, the condition is linked to a problem with the body's immune system response. Normally the immune system helps protect the body from harmful substances. But in patients with Crohn's disease and other types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the immune system can't tell the difference between good substances and foreign invaders. The result is an overactive immune response that leads to chronic inflammation. This is called an autoimmune disorder.

There are five different types of Crohn's disease:

  • Ileocolitis is the most common form. It affects the lowest part of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine (colon).
  • Ileitis affects the ileum.
  • Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease causes inflammation in the stomach and first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum.
  • Jejunoileitis causes spotty patches of inflammation in the top half of the small intestine (jejunum).
  • Crohn's (granulomatous) colitis only affects the large intestine.

A person's genes and environmental factors seem to play a role in the development of Crohn's disease.

The inflammation related to Crohn's disease frequently occurs at the end of the small intestine that joins the large intestine, but it may occur in any area of the digestive tract.

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Health Videos

Part 1: Diagnosis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis -- together known as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, or IBD -- affect as many as a million Americans. Just what are thes...
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Diagnosis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Few diseases generate as many misconceptions as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Listen to host Bettina Gregory and two gastroenterologists get down...
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Using Probiotics for Crohn's Disease and Colitis
Yogurt, probiotics and nutritional therapy can be a comfort to people living with inflammatory bowel disease. Listen to experts discuss this approach to tr...
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Cooking For People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The kitchen is where problems sometimes start and where solutions are often found for people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). For the latest on food,...
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Insurance and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Health insurance is important to everyone, especially people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This panel discussion offers information on different t...
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Advocacy Issues with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA) has been working on behalf of people with inflammatory bowel disease for decades. One of their latest ...
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Nutritional Problems in Crohn’s and Colitis
People with Crohn's and colitis can become malnourished because they can't absorb certain nutrients. Listen to experts discuss the complex topic of food nu...
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Part 2: Cooking for the Person with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
What's the connection between food and inflammatory bowel disease? And what can you do at meal time to help prevent flare-ups and promote healing? For answ...
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Treating Kids with Crohn's Disease & Ulcerative Colitis
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CCFA Camps and Kids Program
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Leading Edge Developments in the Diagnosis of IBD
Every day brings new developments in techniques to diagnose and treat inflammatory bowel disease. In this webcast, leading scientists and doctors will brin...
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The Genetics Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease can run in families, so scientists have known for a long time genes are at least partially to blame. Listen to the story of one ...
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Influencing Public Policy: Becoming an Advocate for IBD
Traveling to Washington to ask Congress to support legislation can be a powerful experience. Learn how hundreds of people went to the nation's capital to h...
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Coping as a Family
A childhood psychiatrist helps explore the affect of Crohns and ulcerative colitis, types of inflammatory bowel disease children and their families.
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Kids Coping with IBD
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IBD and Cancer: Up Close and Personal
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