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Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) Learning Center

The early symptoms of chronic kidney disease often occur with other illnesses, as well. These symptoms may be the only signs of kidney disease until the condition is more advanced.
Source:ADAM
Date:August 12, 2009
Kidney failure is triggered by disease or a hereditary disorder in the kidneys. Both kidneys are typically affected. The four most common causes of chronic kidney failure include: Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM), both insulin dependant (IDDM) and...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Kidney failure is caused by acquired disease or hereditary disorders in the kidneys. The four most common causes of chronic kidney failure include: Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM), both insulin dependant (IDDM) and non-insulin dependant (NIDDM), ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy.
Source:ADAM
Date:August 3, 2009
Fatigue is physical and/or mental exhaustion that can be triggered by stress , medication, overwork, or mental and physical illness or disease.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Fatigue may be defined as a subjective state in which one feels tired or exhausted, and in which the capacity for normal work or activity is reduced. There is, however, no commonly accepted definition of fatigue when it is considered in the contex...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Fatigue may be defined as a subjective state in which one feels tired or exhausted, and in which the capacity for normal work or activity is reduced. There is, however, no commonly accepted definition of fatigue when it is considered in the contex...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Fatigue is physical and/or mental exhaustion that can be triggered by stress , medication, overwork, or mental and physical illness or disease.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Fatigue is a feeling of exhaustion or loss of strength. The duration of fatigue for a patient with cancer has been found to last from one to two times the length of time between diagnosis and completion of treatment, so it is common for fatigue to...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Swelling is the enlargement of organs, skin, or other body parts. It is caused by build up of fluid in the tissues. The extra fluid can lead to a rapid increase in weight over a short period of time (days to weeks. Swelling can occur throughout th...
Source:ADAM
Date:November 16, 2008
Malaise is a generalized feeling of discomfort, illness, or lack of well-being.
Source:ADAM
Date:February 22, 2009
A hiccup is an unintentional movement (spasm) of the diaphragm, the muscle at the base of the lungs. The spasm is followed by quick closing of the vocal cords, which produces a distinctive sound.
Source:ADAM
Date:February 22, 2009
Hiccups are the result of an involuntary, spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by the closing of the throat.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Hiccups are the result of an involuntary, spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by the closing of the throat.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Unintentional weight loss is a decrease in body weight that is not voluntary. In other words, you did not try to loss the weight by dieting or exercising. See: Intentional weight loss
Source:ADAM
Date:February 22, 2009
Weight loss is a reduction in body mass characterized by a loss of adipose tissue (body fat) and skeletal muscle.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Vomiting is the forceful discharge of stomach contents through the mouth.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. Blood pressure readings are measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and usually given as two numbers. For example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg. The top number is your systoli...
Source:ADAM
Date:April 23, 2009
Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the artery walls as it travels through the body. Like air in a balloon, blood fills arteries to a certain capacity—and just as too much air pressure can cause damage to a balloon, too muc...
Source:Gale Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z
Also known as high blood pressure, a condition in which too much force is exerted by the blood as it travels through the body's arteries. There are two types of hypertension: primary and secondary. Primary, or essential, hypertension is caused by ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
The National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) was established in 1972 by the National Institute of Health to translate research results on the health hazards of high blood pressure into clinical and public health practice. Before 190...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health
Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's tissues.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's tissues.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Hypertension is high blood pressure . Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries as it flows through them.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Nausea is the sensation of having an urge to vomit. Vomiting is forcing the contents of the stomach up through the esophagus and out of the mouth.
Source:ADAM
Date:October 20, 2009
Nausea is the sensation of having a queasy stomach or being about to vomit. Vomiting , or emesis, is the expelling of undigested food through the mouth.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
A headache is pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. Serious causes of headaches are extremely rare. Most people with headaches can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax, and occasionally by taking medicatio...
Source:ADAM
Date:October 27, 2009
A headache is a pain in the head and neck region that may be either a disorder in its own right or a symptom HEADACHE THERAPIES Description Type Acupressure Press pointer fingers beneath cheekbones and parallel to pupils (Stomach 3) for one minute...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
A headache involves pain in the head which can arise from many disorders or may be a disorder in and of itself.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
A headache involves pain in the head that can arise from many disorders or may be a disorder in and of itself.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Headache is a pain in the head and neck region that may be either a disorder in its own right or a symptom of an underlying medical condition or disease. The medical term for headache is cephalalgia. Headaches are one of the most common and univer...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
A seizure is the physical findings or changes in behavior that occur after an episode of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. See also: Generalized tonic clonic seizure; Partial (focal) seizure; Petit mal (absence) seizure; Epilepsy; Fever (...
Source:ADAM
Date:March 29, 2009
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior characterized by changes in sensory perception (sense of feeling) or motor activity (movement) due to an abnormal firing of nerve cells in the brain. Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent seizu...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior characterized by changes in sensory perception (sense of feeling) or motor activity (movement) due to an abnormal firing of nerve cells in the brain . Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent seiz...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
A temporary series of uncontrollable muscle spasms brought on by unusual electrical activity in the brain. Also known as convulsion, clonic seizure, or tonic-clonic seizure. A seizure is characterized by a sudden episode of un- controllable brain ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Confusion is the inability to think with your usual speed or clarity, including feeling disoriented and having difficulty paying attention, remembering, and making decisions.
Source:ADAM
Date:February 13, 2008
Coma, from the Greek word "koma," meaning deep sleep, is a state of extreme unresponsiveness, in which an individual exhibits no voluntary movement or behavior. Furthermore, in a deep coma, even painful stimuli (actions which, when performed on a ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Coma, from the Greek word koma , meaning deep sleep, is a state of extreme unresponsiveness, in which an individual exhibits no voluntary movement or behavior. Furthermore, in a deep coma, even painful stimuli (actions which, when performed on a h...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Itching is a tingling or irritation of the skin that makes you want to scratch the affected area.
Source:ADAM
Date:August 22, 2008
Itching is an intense, distracting irritation or tickling sensation that may be felt all over the skin's surface or confined to just one area. The medical term for itching is pruritus.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Itching, also called pruritus, is an unpleasant sensation of the skin that causes a person to scratch or rub the area to find relief. Itching can be confined to one spot (localized) or over the whole body (generalized). Severe scratching can injur...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Itching is an intense, distracting irritation or tickling sensation that may be felt all over the skin's surface or confined to just one area. The medical term for itching is pruritus.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Itching is an intense, distracting irritation or tickling sensation that may be felt all over the skin's surface, or confined to just one area. The medical term for itching is "pruritus."
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Anorexia is characterized by a loss of appetite or lack of desire to eat.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
It is normal to have periods of low energy when one needs to rest and recuperate. However, if low energy persists and a person continually feels sluggish, disinterested in life, and has low energy, the situation should be investigated by a physician.
Source:Healthline
Date:September 30, 2007
Drowsiness refers to feeling abnormally sleepy during the day. People who are drowsy may fall asleep in inappropriate situations or at inappropriate times. See also: Idiopathic hypersomnia
Source:ADAM
Date:June 1, 2009
Hypersomnia refers to a set of related disorders that involve excessive daytime sleepiness.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Delirium is sudden severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function that occur with physical or mental illness.
Source:ADAM
Date:February 13, 2008
Delirium is a transient, abrupt, usually reversible syndrome characterized by a disturbance that impairs consciousness, cognition (ability to think), and perception.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Delirium is a state of mental confusion that develops quickly and usually fluctuates in intensity.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Delirium is a medical condition characterized by a vascillating general disorientation, which is accompanied by cognitive impairment, mood shift, self-awareness, and inability to attend (the inability to focus and maintain attention). The change o...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
Breath odor is the scent of the air you breathe out of your mouth. Unpleasant, distinctive, or offensive breath odor is commonly called bad breath.
Source:ADAM
Date:April 24, 2008
Bad breath, sometimes called halitosis, is an unpleasant odor of the breath.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Bad breath, also called halitosis, is an unpleasant odor of the breath. Usually it is due to poor hygiene, but it can be an indication of underlying health problems.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Nail abnormalities are problems with the color, shape, texture, or thickness of the fingernails or toenails.
Source:ADAM
Date:April 17, 2009
Excessive thirst is an abnormal feeling of always needing to drink fluids.
Source:ADAM
Date:February 22, 2009
Agitation is an unpleasant state of extreme arousal, increased tension, and irritability.
Source:ADAM
Date:May 26, 2008
Paleness is an abnormal loss of color from normal skin or mucous membranes.
Source:ADAM
Date:April 13, 2009
Hyperpigmentation is the increase in the natural color of the skin.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Painless swelling of the feet and ankles is a common problem, particularly among older people. Abnormal buildup of fluid in the ankles, feet, and legs is called peripheral edema.
Source:ADAM
Date:December 1, 2009
Rectal bleeding is a common problem, often caused by constipation, anal fissures or hemorrhoids. It can be an indication of serious occult disease and should be evaluated by a physician.
Source:Healthline
Date:November 30, 2007
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refers to any bleeding that starts in the gastrointestinal tract, which extends from the mouth to the anus. The amount of bleeding can range from nearly undetectable to acute, massive, and life threatening. Bleeding ...
Source:ADAM
Date:January 28, 2009
Bloody stools often indicate an injury or disorder in the digestive tract. Your doctor may use the term "melena" to describe black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools or "hematochezia" to describe red- or maroon-colored stools.
Source:ADAM
Date:January 11, 2009
Muscle cramps are involuntary and often painful contractions (movements) of the muscles.
Source:ADAM
Date:July 22, 2008
Muscle spasms and cramps are spontaneous, often painful muscle contractions.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Muscle spasms and cramps are spontaneous, often painful muscle contractions.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Vomiting blood is a backward flowing (regurgitation) of blood through the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The upper GI tract includes the stomach, mouth, throat, esophagus (the swallowing tube), and the first part of the small intestine.
Source:ADAM
Date:January 16, 2009
Muscle twitches are fine movements of a small area of muscle.
Source:ADAM
Date:November 13, 2008
Impaired sensation is often a signal that there something affecting a nerve or the nervous system. Changes in sensations are often subjective and difficult to describe, that is, experienced by the patient but difficult for the provider to diagnose and treat.
Source:Healthline
Date:October 31, 2007
Bleeding disorders are a group of conditions in which there is a problem with the body's blood clotting process. These disorders can lead to heavy and prolonged bleeding after an injury. Bleeding can also begin on its own. See also: Acquired plate...
Source:ADAM
Date:March 2, 2009
Excessive urination at night is a condition in which you wake up several times during the night to urinate. Waking up several times a night to urinate is called nocturia.
Source:ADAM
Date:September 30, 2009
Most of us get bruises from bumping into something from time to time. Bruising sometimes increases with age, especially in women as the capillary walls become more fragile and the skin becomes thin.
Source:Healthline
Date:November 30, 2007
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