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Maternal Nutrition
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ABO blood type incompatibility between mother and infant
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Maternal Rubella infection
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Mother less than 40 years old
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The following Clinical Topic Tour provides an overview of meningitis and was adapted from materials published by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the National Cancer Institute, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
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Meningitis is a serious inflammation of the meninges, the membranes(lining) that surround the brain and spinal cord. It can be of bacterial, viral, or fungal origin.Meningitis is usually the result of a viral or bacterial infection.
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Meningitis is swelling and irritation(inflammation) of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation causes changes in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.The most common causes of meningitis...
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Detailed information on meningitis, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
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Meningitis is the most common serious manifestation of infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammatory involvement of the subarachnoid space with meningeal irritation leads to the classic triad of headache, fever and meningism, and to a pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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An inflammation of the meninges, most often caused by infection.Meningitis is a potentially fatal inflammation of the meninges, membranes which encase the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is most commonly caused by an infection of bacteria, virus...
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A vaccine can help head off meningococcal meningitis for 11- and 12-year-olds, teens entering high school, and college freshmen in dormitories.
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A vaccination for meningitis is extremely safe and may be prudent for college students, who are at high risk for contracting the bacteria.
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Bacterial meningitis Epidemiology and microbiology: the overall annual incidence of bacterial meningitis is about 2?3/100,000, with peaks of incidence in infants and adolescents. Integration of vaccines into the UK vaccination programme against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and more recently against group C meningococccus has led to a marked decline in cases of Hib and Group C meningococcal meningitis and has significantly reduced the overall incidence of bacterial meningitis.
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Meningitis is a potentially fatal inflammation of the meninges, the thin, membranous covering of the brain and the spinal cord. Meningitis is most commonly caused by infection(by bacteria, viruses, or fungi), although it can also be caused by blee...
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Meningitis is an infection and inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
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Detailed information on meningitis, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
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Meningitis is a potentially fatal inflammation of the meninges, the thin, membranous covering of the brain and the spinal cord. Meningitis is most commonly caused by infection by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, although it can also be caused by bleed...
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Most cases of viral meningitis occur in children under 5 years of age. Viral meningitis is usually mild and often goes away without treatment. It is much less serious than bacterial meningitis.
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Meningitis is a potentially fatal inflammation of the meninges, the thin, membranous covering of the brain and the spinal cord. Meningitis is most commonly caused by infection( bacteria, viruses, or fungi), although it can also be caused by bleedi...
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Detailed information on meningitis, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
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Encephalitis is an acute inflammatory process that affects brain tissue and is almost always accompanied by inflammation of the adjacent meninges(tissues lining the brain). There are many types of encephalitis, most of which are caused by viral in...
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Detailed information on meningitis, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
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Detailed information on meningitis, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
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Can you get meningitis more then once?
Howard LeWine, M.D., is chief editor of Internet Publishing at Harvard Health Publications. He is recognized as an outstanding clinician and teacher and is a recipient of the Internal Medicine Teacher of the Year award at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Dr. LeWine continues to practice Internal Medicine; most recently he became a hospitalist after practicing primary care for over 20 years.
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Although the word meningitis suggests an inflammation of the meninges only, there is always some involvement of the most superficial parts of the brain that are contiguous to the meninges. Often there are also alterations in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a direct viral infection or a hypersensitivity reaction to a virus or foreign protein. Brain inflammation caused by a bacterial infection is sometimes called cerebritis.
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Encephalitis is irritation and swelling(inflammation) of the brain, usually due to infections.Encephalitis is most often caused by a viral infection. Many types of viruses may cause it.
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Detailed information on the most common types of encephalitis, including Japanese encephalitis, tickborne encephalitis, and arbovirus encephalitis
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Detailed information on encephalitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Detailed information on encephalitis, including cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
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Encephalitis infects the brain tissue itself and has serious consequences.Among the many forms of encephalitis are those that occur seasonally, those that affect animals, and a form that is carried by a mosquito. Viruses that have been directly im...
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Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a direct viral infection or a hypersensitivity reaction to a virus or foreign protein. Brain inflammation caused by a bacterial infection is sometimes called cerebritis.
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A premature infant is a baby born before 37 weeks gestation.At birth, a baby is classified as one of the following:.Premature(less than 37 weeks gestation) Full term(37 to 42 weeks gestation) Post term(born after 42 weeks gestation).If a woman goe...
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Detailed information on prematurity, including causes, characteristics, treatment, and prevention
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Infants born before 37 weeks gestation are considered premature and may be at risk for complications.More than one out of every ten infants born in the United States is born prematurely. Advances in medical technology have made it possible for inf...
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Infants born before 37 weeks gestation are considered premature and may be at risk for complications.More than one out of every ten infants born in the United States is born prematurely. Advances in medical technology have made it possible for inf...
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A premature infant is defined as one born before 37 weeks of gestation( pregnancy) without regard to birth weight. The length of a full-term pregnancy ranges from 37 to 42 weeks, measuring from the first day of the last menstrual period."
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Detailed information on maternal and fetal testing during high-risk pregnancies
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Alcoholism is an addictive disease in which the victim becomes dependent on a drug—alcohol. The disease affects the alcoholic physically, psychologically, and behaviorally. Alcoholism is not a character weakness or moral shortcoming; it is an unrelenting, progressive disease that leads to death or brain damage. But recovery is possible by stopping drinking.
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If you have herpes, you're not alone. Millions of Americans have it. Herpes has no cure. But you can control it and learn how to protect yourself and others from outbreaks.
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Detailed information on herpes simplex virus and pregnancy Genital herpes can be spread to the baby during delivery, if a woman has an active infection at that time. Herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Herpes infections can cause blisters and ulcers on the mouth or face (oral herpes), or in the genital area (genital herpes). HSV is a life-long infection.
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Herpes is an infection caused by a herpes simplex virus 1 or 2, and it primarily affects the mouth or genital area.There are two strains of herpes simplex viruses. Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) is usually associated with infections of the lip...
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Herpes zoster, also called shingles, and referred to as"zosteer", gets its name from both the Latin and French words for belt or girdle and refers to belt-like skin eruptions that may occur on the trunk of the body. The virus.Shingles, or herpes z...
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Herpes simplex is a viral infection that mainly affects the mouth or genital area.is usually associated with infections of the lips, mouth, and face. It is the most common herpes simplex virus and many people develop it in childhood.
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Certain cancers like Hodgkin''s disease, lymphoma, and T-cell leukemia cause defects in cellular immunity, which is a primary defense mechanism against viral infections. Thus cancer patients, especially those who are undergoing chemotherapy or radi...
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Cesarean section is advisable for mothers with active herpes eruptions at the time of delivery.Newborn infants. Newborn babies have their mother''s antibodies providing them immunity against herpes simplex virus until around six months of age.Child...
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Laboratory procedure in which an egg is fertilized by sperm in a specimen dish outside the woman''s body.In vitro fertilization(IVF) is a medical procedure that combines a human egg(ovum) and sperm in a laboratory dish to increase the possibility o...
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In vitro fertilization(IVF) is the joining of a woman’s egg and a man’s sperm in a laboratory dish. In vitro means“outside the body.” Fertilization means the sperm has attached to and entered the egg.IVF; Assisted reproduct...
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If you're experiencing pelvic scarring, tubal damage or obstruction, male infertility, or unexplained infertility, in vitro fertilization may help you conceive.
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In vitro fertilization(IVF) is a procedure in which eggs(ova) from a woman''s ovary are removed. They are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory procedure, and then the fertilized egg(embryo) is returned to the woman''s uterus.IVF is one of several a...
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In vitro fertilization(IVF) is a procedure in which eggs(ova) from a woman''s ovary are removed, they are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory procedure, and then the fertilized egg(embryo) is returned to the woman''s uterus.IVF is one of several a...
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A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood on the surface of the brain.Subdural hematomas are usually the result of a serious head injury. When one occurs in this way, it is called an"acute" subdural hematoma.
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A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood in the space between the outer and middle layers of the covering of the brain. It is most often caused by torn, bleeding veins as a result of a head trauma.The covering of the brain(meninges) has three ...
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A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood in the space between the outer layer(dura) and middle layers of the covering of the brain(the meninges). It is most often caused by torn, bleeding veins on the inside of the dura as a result of a blow t...
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A subdural hematoma is a pooling of blood between the dura, which is a leathery membrane just under the skull, and the brain itself. Subdural hematomas usually occur following a head trauma that breaks the blood vessels that surround the brain.
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Adolescent pregnancy is pregnancy in girls age 19 or younger.The rate of adolescent pregnancy has steadily declined since reaching an all-time high in 1990, mostly due to the increased use of condoms.Since no form of contraception is complete...
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There are twice as many teenage pregnancies in the United States each year as there are in England, Wales, or Canada, and eight times as many as in Japan. These figures include live births(accounting for approximately half of the total of 900,000)...
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Asphyxia neonatorum is respiratory failure in the newborn, a condition caused by the inadequate intake of oxygen before, during, or just after birth.Asphyxia neonatorum, also called birth or newborn asphyxia, is defined as a failure to start regul...
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In more severe cases, the skin is gray, and the baby is limp and immobile. Asphyxia neonatorum has been linked to low birth weight, late deliveries, and flattening or twisting of the umbilical cord during labor.
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