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Canker sores are a common form of mouth ulcer. They occur in women more often than men.
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The exact cause of canker sores is uncertain, however, they seem to be related to a localized immune reaction. Other proposed causes for this disease are trauma to the affected areas from toothbrush scrapes, stress, hormones, and food allergies.
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A distinction between canker sores and cold sores should be made because the latter is infectious. Other disorders of the mouth may need to be ruled out as well; a skin lesion biopsy may be required for further diagnosis.
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There is some evidence that canker sores are due in part to nutritional deficiencies and a lack of vitamin B 12, folic acid, and iron. Gastrointestinal problems correlate with canker sores as well.
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