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Radiotherapy is the use of high-energy penetrating radiation (x rays, gamma rays, proton rays, and neutron rays) to kill cancer cells.
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Radiation and radioisotopes are extensively used medications to allow physicians to image internal structures and processes in vivo (in the living body) with a minimum of invasion to the patient. Higher doses of radiation are also used as means to...
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The principal adverse health effects of sunlight are caused by the ultraviolet and visible radiation it contains. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) comprises a spectrum of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths, subdivided for convenience into t...
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Electromagnetic waves of extremely short wavelength (X-rays and gamma rays) and accelerated atomic particles (such as electrons, protons, neutrons, and alpha particles) deposit enough localized energy in an absorbing medium to dislodge electrons f...
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Nonionizing radiation, in contrast to ionizing radiation, is electromagnetic radiation that does not have sufficient energy to remove electrons from an atom or molecules to form an ion (or charged particle) during a collision. Instead, it imparts ...
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Neurofibromatosis (NF), or von Recklinghausen disease, is a disorder which causes development of multiple soft tumors (neurofibromas). These tumors occur under the skin and throughout the nervous system (cells which control body movement and sensa...
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Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis is also called von Recklinghausen disease or simply neurofibromatosis (NF). It is an automsomal dominant hereditary disorder. NF is the most common neurological disorder caused by a single gene. Patients deve...
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Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic disease in which multiple soft tumors (neurofibromas) develop under the skin and throughout the nervous system. Various sized tumors may grow on the nerves in or leading away from the brain and spinal cord (peri...
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Neurofibromatosis (NF), or von Recklinghausen disease, is a disorder which causes development of multiple soft tumors (neurofibromas). These tumors occur under the skin and throughout the nervous system (cells which control body movement and sensa...
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Neurofibromatosis (NF), or von Recklinghausen disease, is a genetic disease in which patients develop multiple soft tumors (neurofibromas). These tumors occur under the skin and throughout the nervous system.
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Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic condition in which fleshy tumors called neurofibromas grow throughout the body. Neurofibromatosis was first written up in the medical literature in 1882 by a German physician, Dr. Friedrich Daniel von Recklingha...
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A head injury is any trauma that leads to injury of the scalp, skull, or brain. The injuries can range from a minor bump on the skull to serious brain injury. Head injury is classified as either closed or open (penetrating. A closed head injury me...
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Injury to the head may damage the scalp, skull or brain. The most important consequence of head trauma is traumatic brain injury. Head injury may occur either as a closed head injury, such as the head hitting a car's windshield, or as a penetratin...
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Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is an inherited condition characterized by tumors that arise in multiple locations in the body. Some of these tumors cause cancer and some do not. Many of the tumors seen in VHL are vascular, meaning that they have...
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Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a hereditary condition that involves cancer and can affect people of all ages. It was named after the physicians to first describe aspects of the condition in the early 1900s, German ophthalmologist Eugen von Hip...
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Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is an inherited condition characterized by tumors that arise in multiple locations in the body. Some of these tumors cause cancer and some do not. Many of the tumors seen in VHL are vascular, meaning that they have...
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Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a rare familial cancer syndrome. A person with VHL can develop both benign and malignant tumors and cysts in many different organs in the body. Tumors and cysts most commonly develop in the brain and spine, eyes,...
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Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary condition in which individuals have an increased risk for developing certain kinds of tumors. The characteristic tumors of LFS are adrenocortical carcinoma, breast cancer , brain cancer , leukemia, and sa...
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Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary condition in which individuals have an increased risk for developing certain kinds of tumors. The characteristic tumors of LFS are adrenocortical carcinoma, breast cancer , brain cancer, leukemia and sarc...
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Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a genetic disorder caused by a hereditary mutation in a cancer susceptibility gene. Individuals with LFS have an increased risk for developing certain types of cancer, often at younger ages than is typically observed ...
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Technically, the term "electromagnetic field" (EMF) refers to all fields throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. In common usage, however, the term usually refers to so-called extremely low-frequency nonionizing radiation fields—those fields belo...
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Referred to as EMF, the fields of energy surrounding electric power wires and other current-carrying devices. Electric power lines, household wiring, and appliances all carry electric current. Since the late 1970s, concerns have been raised about ...
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Basal cell nevus syndrome is a group of defects, passed down through families, that involve the skin, nervous system, eyes, endocrine glands, and bones. The condition causes an unusual facial appearance and a higher risk of skin cancers.
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Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosome disorder in males. People with this condition are born with at least one extra X chromosome.
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Klinefelter syndrome is the presence of an extra X chromosome in a male.
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Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosome disorder in males. People with this condition are born with at least one extra X chromosome.
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Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosome disorder in males that results in hypogonadism (small penis and small firm testicles). People with this condition are born with at least one extra X chromosome.
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Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosome disorder in males. People with this condition are born with at least one extra X chromosome.
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A condition affecting males that is caused by the presence of extra X chromosomes. Klinefelter's syndrome, also known as primary micro-orchidism, affects males only. A normal male has one pair of sex chromosomes made up of one X and one Y. In Klin...
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Mononucleosis is a viral infection causing fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands, especially in the neck. See also: Infectious mononucleosis (acute CMV infection)
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