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Botulism Learning Center

Symptoms usually appear 8 - 36 hours after consuming contaminated food. There is NO fever with this infection.
Source:ADAM
Date:August 28, 2009
Toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum are the main culprit in botulism. Other members of the Clostridium genus can produce botulinum toxin, namely C. argentinense , C. butyricum , and C. baratii , but these are minor sources. To g...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Botulism is caused by the protein toxin released by the microorganism C. botulinum . After the toxin is absorbed into the bloodstream, it irreversibly binds to the acetylcholine receptors on the motor nerve terminals at neuromuscular junctions. Af...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
The three types of human botulism include the following symptoms: Food-borne. Food that has been improperly preserved or stored can harbor botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. Botulism symptoms typically appear within 18-36 hours of eating contam...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Paralysis is defined as complete loss of strength in an affected limb or muscle group.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Paralysis is defined as complete loss of strength in an affected limb or muscle group.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Abdominal pain is pain that you feel anywhere between your chest and groin. This is often referred to as the stomach region or belly.
Source:ADAM
Date:October 7, 2009
Visual disturbances are abnormalities of sight. Visual disturbances associated with neurological disorders often include double vision (diplopia), moving or blurred vision due to nystagmus (involuntary rapid movements of the eyes), reduced visual ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
It is normal to have periods of low energy when one needs to rest and recuperate. However, if low energy persists and a person continually feels sluggish, disinterested in life, and has low energy, the situation should be investigated by a physician.
Source:Healthline
Date:September 30, 2007
Breathing difficulty involves a sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing or a feeling of not getting enough air. See also: Difficulty breathing - first aid
Source:ADAM
Date:June 12, 2009
Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is a feeling of difficult or labored breathing that is out of proportion to the patient's level of physical activity. It is a symptom of a variety of different diseases or disorders and may be either acute or chronic.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Aphasia is condition characterized by either partial or total loss of the ability to communicate verbally or using written words. A person with aphasia may have difficulty speaking, reading, writing, recognizing the names of objects, or understand...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Aphasia is a communication disorder that occurs after language has been developed, usually in adulthood. Not simply a speech disorder, aphasia can affect the ability to comprehend the speech of others, as well as the ability to read and write. In ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Aphasia is an impairment of spoken language understanding and expression associated with brain damage.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
A condition, caused by neurological damage or disease, in which a person's previous capacity to understand or express language is impaired. In aphasia, the ability to understand language and to translate thoughts into words has been impaired by in...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Speech disorders refer to several conditions in which a person has difficulty communicating by mouth. See also: Speech impairment
Source:ADAM
Date:April 22, 2008
According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), a language disorder is an impairment in comprehension use of the spoken, written, or other symbol system.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Speech disorders are characterized by a difficulty in producing normal speech patterns.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Treatment for the improvement or cure of communication disorders, including both speech problems and language disorders. Formerly referred to as speech therapy, the techniques, strategies, and interventions designed to improve or correct communica...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence
Speech-language pathology is the treatment for the improvement or cure of communication disorders, including speech, language, and swallowing disorders. The term used to describe professionals in this discipline is speech and language pathologist ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
A speech disorder is a communication disorder characterized by an impaired ability to produce speech sounds or normal voice, or to speak fluently.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Ptosis is also called "drooping eyelid." It is caused by weakness of the muscle responsible for raising the eyelid, damage to the nerves that control those muscles, or looseness of the skin of the upper eyelids.
Source:ADAM
Date:July 17, 2008
Ptosis is the term used for a drooping upper eyelid. Ptosis, also called blepharoptosis, can affect one or both eyes.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Antispasmodic drugs relieve cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines, and bladder.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Hazy vision, cloudy vision, blurred vision are all problems with seeing clearly. Any change in your normal vision is cause for concern and is a good reason to call a doctor for an examination.
Source:Healthline
Date:September 30, 2007
Dysphagia is a disorder of swallowing.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Aversion to food and drink can be a temporary response to a benign illness, as with the common cold, or a response to a complex interaction of physical, mental and behavioral issues. While it is normal to experience a loss of appetite with certain conditions, when aversion to food and drink results in significant weight loss and nutritional deficits, it is important to seek medical advice.
Source:Healthline
Date:October 31, 2007
Pain is a universal human experience. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders
Pain, medically termed "nociception," is a response to noxious stimuli that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons . The discomfort signals actual or impending injury to the body. However, pain is more than a sensation, or the physical awaren...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health
Pain is an unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons. The discomfort signals actual or potential injury to the body. However, pain is more than a sensation, or the physical awareness of pain; it also includes perception, ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Pain is an unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons. The discomfort signals actual or potential injury to the body. However, pain is more than a sensation, or the physical awareness of pain; it also includes perception, ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Pain is an unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by nerves in the body.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health
True muscle weakness means that full effort does not produce a normal muscle contraction or movement. A voluntary muscle contraction is generated when the brain sends a signal through the spinal cord and nerves to a muscle.
Source:Healthline
Date:September 30, 2007
Weakness is a reduction in the strength of one or more muscles.
Source:ADAM
Date:August 8, 2009
Dry mouth, known medically as xerostomia, is the abnormal reduction of saliva due to medication, disease, or medical therapy.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is marked by a significant reduction in the secretion of saliva. Signs and symptoms of xerostomia include: dryness of the mouth cracked lips, cuts, or cracks at the corners of the mouth taste changes a burning ...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Dry mouth, known medically as xerostomia, is the abnormal reduction of saliva due to medication, disease, or medical therapy.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Anorexia is characterized by a loss of appetite or lack of desire to eat.
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer
Total blindness is the inability to tell light from dark, or the total inability to see. Visual impairment or low vision is a severe reduction in vision that can't be corrected with standard glasses or contact lenses and reduces a person's ability...
Source:Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine
Poor feeding is when an infant has a lack of interest in feeding or a problem receiving the proper amount of nutrition.
Source:ADAM
Date:August 2, 2009
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