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Allergies Health Channel

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Allergies

Definition

An allergy is an exaggerated immune response or reaction to substances that are generally not harmful.

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Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Allergies are relatively common. Both genetics and environmental factors play a role.

Allergy is caused by an oversensitive immune system, which leads to a misdirected immune response. The immune system normally protects the body against harmful substances, such as bacteria and viruses. It reacts to substances (allergens) that are generally harmless and in most people do not cause a problem.

But in a person with allergies, the immune response is oversensitive. When it recognizes an allergen, it releases chemicals, such as histamines. This causes itching, swelling, mucus production, muscle spasms, hives, rashes, and other symptoms, which vary from person to person.

What part of the body is contacted by the allergen plays a role in the symptoms you develop. For example, allergens that are breathed in often cause a stuffy nose, itchy nose and throat, mucus production, cough, or wheezing. A food allergen can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, or a severe, life-threatening reaction. Allergies to plants often cause a skin rash. Drug allergies usually involve the whole body and can lead to a variety of symptoms.

Some medical conditions, such as eczema and asthma, are linked to allergies.

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More Articles

Allergy to mold - dander - dust (2 Videos, 4 Images) (Doctor-Reviewed information)
Allergy-related symptoms can occur after you are around mold, certain animals or animal hair, dust, and other substances. These substances are usually found indoors and do not cause symptoms for most people. See also: Asthma; Allergic rhinitis. Reviewer: Donald Accetta, MD, MPH, President, Allergy & Asthma Care, PC, Taunton, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Date: 10/30/2006
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Anaphylaxis (8 Images) Average Rating: (Doctor-Reviewed information)
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening type of allergic reaction. Reviewer: David A. Kaufman, M.D., Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Date: 05/03/2006
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Allergic rhinitis (4 Videos, 3 Images) Average Rating: (Doctor-Reviewed information)
Allergic rhinitis is a collection of symptoms, predominantly in the nose and eyes, caused by airborne particles of dust, dander, or plant pollens in people who are allergic to these substances. When these symptoms are caused by pollen, the allergic rhinitis is commonly called hay fever. See also: Allergies; Allergy to mold, dander, dust; Asthma. Reviewer: Donald Accetta, MD, MPH, President, Allergy & Asthma Care, PC, Taunton, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Date: 10/30/2006
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Food allergy (6 Images) (Doctor-Reviewed information)
A food allergy is an exaggerated immune response triggered by eggs, peanuts, milk, or some other specific food. Reviewer: Donald Accetta, MD, MPH, President, Allergy & Asthma Care, PC, Taunton, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Date: 07/25/2007
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Hives (1 Video, 10 Images) (Doctor-Reviewed information)
Hives are raised, often itchy, red welts on the surface of the skin. They are usually an allergic reaction to food or medicine. Reviewer: Kevin Berman, MD, PhD, Associate, Atlanta Center for Dermatologic Disease, Atlanta, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Date: 04/12/2007
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Allergic reactions (10 Images) (Doctor-Reviewed information)
Allergic reactions are sensitivities to a specific substance, called an allergen, that is contacted through the skin, inhaled into the lungs, swallowed, or injected. Reviewer: David A. Kaufman, M.D., Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Date: 05/03/2006
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Drug allergies (11 Images) (Doctor-Reviewed information)
Drug allergies are a group of symptoms caused by allergic reaction to a drug (medication. Reviewer: Donald Accetta, MD, MPH, President, Allergy & Asthma Care, PC, Taunton, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Date: 07/19/2007
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Allergy testing (2 Videos, 4 Images) (Doctor-Reviewed information)
Allergy tests are any of several tests used to determine the substances to which a person is allergic. Reviewer: Donald Accetta, MD, MPH, President, Allergy & Asthma Care, PC, Taunton, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.Date: 07/17/2007
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Use Healthline to search the web for more Allergies information.

Health Videos

Is it a Cold or an Allergy?
When you have watery eyes, a runny nose, congestion and sneezing, how can you tell if it's a cold or an allergy? Find out the difference and the treatment ...
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Living With Indoor Allergies
Sneezing in the sitting room? Coughing in the kitchen? Many common allergens occur primarily indoors and can make your life miserable. Join our panel of ex...
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Seasonal and Chronic Allergies
What time of the year is allergy season? Actually, it's all year long for some allergy sufferers. Learn the difference between seasonal and year-round alle...
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The Basics of Allergy
What is an allergy and what is it that causes some people to suffer from them? Why do allergies flare up during certain times of the year? Learn about the ...
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Kids and Allergies
Allergies can leave children feeling sniffly, teary and itchy and take their toll at play and at school. Previously, allergy remedies left children feeling...
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Springtime Allergies
Millions suffer from springtime allergies. But experts do have a handle on what sufferers can do to cope with this common problem. Allergies no longer need...
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The Right Treatment for Your Allergies
People with allergies have a range of treatment options available from over-the-counter products to prescription medicines. Learn the differences among the...
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