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Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Approximately 90% of an oral dose of clindamycin hydrochloride rapidly absorbed from GI tract; peak serum concentration attained within 45–60 minutes.

Prior to absorption, clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is hydrolyzed in the GI tract to active clindamycin.

Clindamycin palmitate oral solution and clindamycin hydrochloride capsules are bioequivalent.

Following IM administration of clindamycin phosphate, peak serum concentrations occur within 3 hours in adults and 1 hour in children.

Food

Although peak plasma concentrations may be delayed, food does not have an appreciable effect on the extent of absorption of clindamycin hydrochloride capsules or clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride oral solution.

Distribution

Extent

Distributed into many body tissues and fluids.

Only small amounts of the drug diffuse into CSF.

Readily crosses the placenta and is distributed into milk.

Plasma Protein Binding

93%.

Elimination

Metabolism

Partially metabolized to bioactive and inactive metabolites.

Elimination Route

Excreted in urine, bile, and feces.

Half-life

2–3 hours in adults and children with normal renal function.

Serum half-life in neonates depends on gestational and chronologic age and body weight.

Special Populations

Serum half-life increased slightly in patients with markedly reduced renal or hepatic function.

Stability

Storage

Oral

Capsules

20–25°C.

For Solution

20–25°C. Following reconstitution, stable for 2 weeks at room temperature; do not refrigerate because solution will thicken.

Parenteral

Injection, for IV infusion

20–25°C; avoid temperatures >30°C.

Compatibility

Parenteral

Solution Compatibility

Drug Compatibility