Thrombocytopenia is any disorder in which there are not enough platelets. Platelets are cells in the blood that help blood to clot. This condition is sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding.
Thrombocytopenia is often divided into three major causes of low platelets:
Disorders that involve low production in the bone marrow include:
Use of certain drugs may also lead to a low production of platelets in the bone marrow, although this is rare.
Disorders that involve the breakdown of platelets include:
Other symptoms may be present as well, depending on the cause of the condition. Mild thrombocytopenia can occur without symptoms.
Complete blood count (CBC) shows low number of platelets. Blood clotting studies (PTT and PT) are normal.
Other tests that may help diagnose this condition include:
Treatment depends on the cause of the condition. In some cases, a transfusion of platelets may be required to stop or prevent bleeding.
The outcome depends on the disorder causing the low platelet counts.
Severe bleeding (hemorrhage) is the main complication. This can include:
Call your healthcare provider if you experience unexplained bleeding or bruising.
Prevention depends on the specific cause.
Goldman L. Ausiello D. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2007:1291-1299.