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Definition
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior due to an excessive electrical activity in the brain.
Considerations
There are a wide variety of possible symptoms of seizures, depending on what parts of the brain are affected. Many types of seizures cause loss of consciousness with twitching or shaking of the body. However, some seizures consist of staring spells that can easily go unnoticed. Occasionally, seizures can cause temporary abnormal sensations or visual disturbances. Seizures can generally be classified as either "simple" (no change in level of consciousness) or "complex" (change in level of consciousness). Seizures may also be classified as generalized (whole body affected) or focal (only one part or side of the body is affected). Epilepsy is a chronic disorder with recurrent seizures. Some types of epilepsy are hereditary. See also:
Common Causes
Any condition that results in abnormal electrical excitation of the brain may result in a seizure, including: Also, any medical condition that irritates brain cells may result in a seizure. Common medical conditions that commonly cause seizures include:
Home Care
People with epilepsy should always wear a medical alert tag. Most seizures are self-limiting and stop by themselves after various periods of time. However, a person having a seizure may be injured; breathe food, fluid, or vomit into the lungs; or not get enough oxygen. During a seizure, it is important to protect the person from injury. Turn the person on his or her side, so that any vomit is expelled. See seizure first aid. After a convulsion, most people go into a deep sleep. Don't prevent the person from sleeping. He or she will probably be disoriented, or possibly agitated for awhile after awakening. Stay with the person until recovery or until you have professional medical help. Meanwhile, monitor their pulse, rate of breathing, and blood pressure. Some patients with epilepsy may have a vagal nerve stimulator implanted in their chest. In these persons, a seizure can be halted by activating the device. Other patients may have been prescribed medication to administer rectally during a seizure. Never try to administer anything (even medications) by mouth.
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Reviewer Info: Daniel Kantor, M.D., Director of the Comprehensive MS Center, Neuroscience Institute, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.; ADAM Health Illustrated Encyclopedia, 08/06/2007 |
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