Menopause Health Article

Complications

Estrogen is responsible for the buildup of the lining of the uterine cavity. During the reproductive years, this buildup occurs and then is shed (menstruation). This usually happens about a once a month.

The menopausal decrease in estrogen prevents this buildup from occurring. However, hormones produced by the adrenal glands are converted to estrogen, and sometimes this will cause postmenopausal bleeding.

This is often nothing to worry about, but because postmenopausal bleeding may also be an early indication of other problems, including cancer, a physician should always check any postmenopausal bleeding.

Decreased estrogen levels are also associated with an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and possibly an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if:

• You are spotting blood between periods
• You have had 12 consecutive months with no period and suddenly vaginal bleeding begins again

Prevention

Menopause is a natural and expected part of a woman's development and does not need to be prevented. However, there are ways to reduce or eliminate some of the symptoms that accompany menopause. You can also reduce your risk of long-term problems like osteoporosis and heart disease.

• DO NOT smoke -- cigarette use can cause early menopause
• Exercise regularly to strengthen your bones, including activity that works with the resistance of gravity
• Take calcium and vitamin D
• Eat a low-fat diet
• If you show early signs of bone loss, talk to your doctor about medications that can help stop further weakening
• Control your blood pressure, cholesterol, and other risk factors for heart disease

References

Weismiller D. The Perimenopause and Menopause Experience: An Overview. Clin Fam Practice. 2002; 4(1).

Stenchever, MA. Comprehensive Gynecology, 4th ed. St. Louis, Mo:Mosby, Inc.; 2001:1217-1250.