Lymphogranuloma venereum Health Article

Definition

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection.

Alternative Names

LGV; Lymphogranuloma inguinale; Lymphopathia venereum

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is caused by three different types of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. The bacteria is spread through sexual contact. However, this infection is caused by a different bacteria than that which causes genital chlamydia.

LGV is more common in Central and South America than in North America. There are a few thousand cases of LGV each year in the United States.

LGV is more common in men than women. The main risk factor is having multiple sexual partners.

Symptoms

Symptoms of LGV can begin a few days to a month after coming in contact with the bacteria. Symptoms include:

• Small painless ulcer on the male genitalia or in the female genital tract
• Swelling and redness of the skin in the groin area
• Swollen groin lymph nodes on one or both sides; it may also affect lymph nodes around the rectum in those who have anal intercourse
• Drainage from lymph nodes in groin
• Blood or pus from the rectum (blood in the stools)
• Painful bowel movements (tenesmus)

The infection can cause diarrhea and lower abdominal pain. Women may develop abnormal connections called fistulas between the vagina and rectum.

Signs and tests

The health care provider will perform a physical examination and ask questions about your medical history. It is important to tell your doctor if you had sexual contact with someone who has had lymphogranuloma venereum.

A physical exam may show:

• An ulcer on the genitals
• An oozing, abnormal connection (fisula) in the rectal area
• Swollen lymph nodes in the groin (inguinal lymphadenopathy)
• Drainage from lymph nodes in the groin

• Biopsy of the lymph node
• Blood test for the bacteria that causes LGV
• Laboratory test to detect chlamydia

Treatment

This condition can be cured with the proper antibiotics. Those commonly prescribed to treat LGV include tetracycline, doxycycline, and erythromycin.

Expectations (prognosis)

With treatment, the outlook is good.

Complications

• Abnormal connections of tissue between the rectum and vagina
• Brain inflammation (very rare)
• Long-term inflammation and swelling of the genitalia
• Scarring and narrowing of the rectum