Lactic acidosis

Definition

Lactic acidosis is when lactic acid builds ups in the blood stream faster than it can be removed. Lactic acid is produced when oxygen levels in the body drop.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The most common cause is intense exercise. However, it can also be caused by certain diseases, such as sepsis, respiratory failure, AIDS, cancer, and kidney failure.

Metformin, a common medicine used to treat diabetes, can also cause lactic acidosis. People taking this medicine should have their electrolyte levels checked 1 - 2 weeks after starting it.

Symptoms

• Nausea
• Weakness

Signs and tests

• Blood tests to check electrolyte levels

Treatment

The primary treatment for lactic acidosis is correcting the underlying medical problem that causes the condition.

References

Oh MS. Evaluation of renal function, water, electrolytes and acid-base balance. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2006: chap 14.

Seifter JL. Acid-base disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 119.