Dehydration Health Article

Calling your health care provider

Call 911 if you or your child have the following symptoms

• Dizziness
• Lightheadedness
• Lethargy
• Confusion

Call your doctor right away if you or your child has any of the following symptoms:

• Not producing tears
• Sunken eyes
• Little or no urine output for 8 hours
• Dry skin that sags back into position slowly when pinched up into a fold
• Dry mouth or dry eyes
• Sunken soft-spot on the top of your infant's head
• Fast-beating heart
• Blood in the stool or vomit
• Diarrhea or vomiting (in infants less than 2 months old)
• Listlessness and inactiveness

Also call your doctor if you are not sure whether your attempts to give your child proper fluids are working.

• An illness is combined with the inability to keep down any fluids
• Vomiting has been going on for longer than 24 hours in an adult or longer than 12 hours in a child
• Diarrhea has lasted longer than 5 days in an adult or child
• Your infant or child is much less active than usual or is irritable
• You or your child have excessive urination, especially if there is a family history of diabetes or you are taking diuretics

Prevention

Even when healthy, drink plenty of fluid every day. Drink more when the weather is hot or you are exercising.

Carefully monitor someone who is ill, especially an infant, child, or older adult. If you believe that dehydration is developing, consult a doctor before the person becomes moderately or severely dehydrated. Begin fluid replacement as soon as vomiting and diarrhea start -- DO NOT wait for signs of dehydration.

Always encourage the person to drink during an illness, and remember that a person's fluid needs are greater when that person has fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. The easiest signs to monitor are urine output (there should be frequent wet diapers or trips to the bathroom), saliva in the mouth, and tears when crying.

References

Porter SC. The value of parental report for diagnosis and management of dehydration in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003; 41(2): 196-205.

Guerrant RL. Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infec Dis. 2001; 32(3): 331-351.

Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness. American Academy of Pediatrics. Climatic heat stress and the exercising child and adolescent. Pediatrics. 2000; 106(1 Pt 1): 158-159.