Arthroscopy Health Article

Definition

Arthroscopy is a method of viewing a joint, and, if needed, to perform surgery on a joint. An arthroscope consists of a tiny tube, a lens, and a light source. The device is inserted into a small incision and allows a surgeon to look for joint damage or disease. The device also allows the surgeon to perform reconstructive procedures on the joint, if needed.

See also knee arthroscopy, shoulder arthroscopy, and rotator cuff repair.

How the test is performed

This procedure is typically performed on the knee, shoulder, elbow, or wrist. The type of anesthesia depends on the particular joint and other factors. A regional anesthetic numbs the affected area, but the patient may remain awake, depending on whether other medications are used. For more extensive surgery, general anesthesia may be used. In this case the patient is unconscious.

The area is cleaned with antiseptic soap. A pressure band may be applied to restrict blood flow (tourniquet). An incision is made into the joint, and sterile fluid is introduced into the joint space to provide a better view. The arthroscope is then inserted, and the inside of the joint is viewed by displaying the image on a monitor.

One or two small additional incisions may be needed, in order to use other instruments. These instruments can be used to remove bits of cartilage or bone, take a tissue biopsy, or perform other minor surgery. In addition, ligament reconstruction can be performed using the arthroscope in many cases.

How to prepare for the test

You should not consume any food or fluid for 12 hours before the procedure. You may be instructed to shave your joint area. You may be given a sedative before leaving for the hospital. You will be given a hospital gown at the time of surgery so the body part for surgery is accessible.

You must sign an informed consent form. Make arrangements for transportation from the hospital and for work, child care, and other commitments immediately after the procedure.